社區特性與社區社會資本之研究

A Study on Community Traits and Community Social Capital

本研究旨在探討社區特性與社區社會資本之間的變異性與相關性，在檢閱有關「社區」與「社會資本」相關文獻後，研究者自行設計結構式問卷，並以社區為單位，針對全國6,313個立案之社區發展協會領導者進行全面性郵寄問卷調查及集體填表，計收回有效問卷780份。社區特性包括社區基本特性與社區組織特性，社區社會資本包括橋接型社會資本、近距連結型社會資本，以及遠距連結型社會資本。研究結果顯示，社區人口變項、社區地理區位、社區家戶規模、社區組織狀況、社區活動狀況及社區領導者等特性，分別與各類型的社區社會資本有一定程度的變異性或相關性。在對研究發現進行討論與分析後，本研究最後提出七項建議以供後續社區政策規劃和實踐上的參考，包括：一、拉近不同社區類型之社會資本的落差；二、重新思考與界定社區的方式、範圍與規模；三、善用族群、宗教或文化（產業）特性激發社區的凝聚力與行動；四、強化社區領袖對社區的承諾與經營能力；五、均衡不同類型的社會資本，避免方案活動曇花一現；六、持續推展社區評鑑，累積社會資本存量；及七、促進社區相關活動，以提升社區社會資本。

This paper aims to explore the variance and relationship between community traits and community social capital. After reviewing literatures related to "community" and "social capital", a structured questionnaire was designed by the researchers. Community was viewed as a research unit and all of the Registered Community Development Associations in Taiwan were surveyed 780 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. The outcome showed that the different types of community social capital varied and yet were related to agree in community demographic variables, community geographic attributes, community scales, community organizing, community activities and community leaders’ attributes. After discussion and analysis, this study proposed seven suggestions for the reference of promoting community work for policymaking and practice, including: (1) closing the gap of social capital between various community types, (2) rethinking and redefining the way, scope and scale of community, (3) motivating community cohesion and activity by good using of the characteristics of ethnic, religion or culture (or industry), (4) enforcing community leaders’ commitment and effort of community management, (5)balancing different types of social capital and avoiding meteoric community programmers, (6) continuing to promote community evaluation and accumulating the stock of social capital, and (7) advancing related community activities in order to promote community social capital.