集會遊行許可通知與限制事項之探討

Discussion on Notices and Restrictions of Assembly Parade

現行室外集會遊行採行許可制，未來雖要改為報備制，但相關法理與問題討論，有其適用性與普遍性，故有關許可通知與限制事項等，仍有探究之必要。本文首先針對在許可制中，申請室外集會遊行後，論述申請准駁之通知，其中包括探討許可處分之法理、期限內之許可與不作為等，另針對許可通知書應記載事項與許可限制予以詳細論述，尤其特別探究書面行政處分、教示規定、行政處分之附款與內容分析。有關集會遊行之行政救濟，若能提起確認訴訟，可以確認主管機關之處分係違法，在此即有確認訴訟之利益，包括回復名譽或預防下一次之違法行為，並可作為提出損害賠償之法律基礎。針對許可限制事項，係主管機關針對即將舉行之室外集會遊行，其所特別重視相關地區、機關等安全與秩序之事前預防宣達、維持機關學校等公共場所秩序安寧等。另在德國各邦集會遊行法之相關規定，有直接規定敘明，不得蒙面方式與穿著制服進行室外集會遊行，在此值得我國未來修法參考。

Assembly and Parade Act is a permitting system now. Though it will be changed to a reporting system in the future, applicability and university exit in the relevant discussions on laws and problems. Firstly, this article discusses the application for quasi-rejection after applying for outdoor assembly and parade in the licensing system, including the legality of licensing, the licensing and inaction within the time limit, the details of the license notice and the license restrictions. In particular, it discusses the written administrative sanctions, the teaching regulations, the attachments and the content analysis of administrative sanctions. With regard to licensing restrictions of assembly and parade, if a lawsuit is filed, it is confirmed that the authorities concerned are in violation of the laws and that the benefits of the lawsuit include restoration of reputation and prevention of future illegal conduct, offering the basis for compensation. Focusing on licensing restrictions, the authorities concerned are in charge of the upcoming outdoor assembly and parade, and they attach great importance to the precautions against security and order in the relevant regions and agencies, and to maintain order and peace in public places, such as government schools. In addition, the relevant provisions of German laws of assembly and parade have direct provisions to state that no masks and uniforms are allowed in outdoor assembly and parade, which offer reference for the future law amendment in Taiwan.