從地方教育權憲法保障探討教科書選定、常態編班與教師輔導及管教

A Discussion about Choosing Textbooks， Mixedability Classroom， and Guidance and Discipline of Teachers-From the Viewpoint of Education Jurisdiction of Local Governments

中央與地方之間的關係，由從屬、對立到合作等有各種的可能，理想關係為「夥伴關係J然而中央與地方之夥伴關係似易實難，蓋兩者之間具有既競爭又合作、對立而非對抗、分工中有鬥爭的關係，叉存有相異的價值，因資源共享，不免互相排擠，因此中央與地方權限之劃分實有必要。而隨著教育改革及教育發展的浪潮，教科書選定、常態分班、教師輔導與管教成為熱門議題，過去的討論大多由教育的角度來探討，在此欲加入法律的觀點，探究其權限究竟歸屬中央或是地方及其中的衝突，使其能更符合法治國的觀點。本文分別由三個議題來加以討論:一、教科書選定一一綱一本之爭議討論中央與地方教育權限之衝突;二、常態分班及能力分班與受教權、平等權之闢係;三、從比例原則及受教權討論教師輔導管教，另外，教育部於民國92年廢除《教師輔導與管教學生辦法»'攻擬定注意項，由各校定之是否適宜。

There are a lot of possibilities between the relationship of Central government and local governments， such as subordinating， resisting， and cooperating. Themost ideal relationship is partnership. However， this concept looks easy but is hard to carry out. Sometimes， central and local governments can be competitive， but sometimes they have to cooperate with each other. In some occasions， they wrestled the other just for the authorities they want. Besides， those two often saw the different sides of a story; and then the quarrel happened. Moreover， because of sharing the same resources， giving the other an elbow is very common. Hence， to divide the authorities between central and local governments is necessary. With the education reform and education development， choosing textbooks， mixed-ability classroom， and guidance and discipline of teachers became hot issues. In the past， those were discussed from the education's viewpoints， but now we'd like to focus on the aspect of laws and to discuss both the conflicts between Central and local governments and the authorities belonging to whom. Thisarticle are divided into three parts: Thefirst part is about the issue of choosing textbooks， in second part mixed-ability class is discussed with the rights to education and equal protection， and the final one is the guidance and discipline of teachers.