台中市「體二」用地發展困境剖析：歷史制度論的觀點

Analysis of the Development Dilemma of Taichung City's ''Sport-II'' Land：A Historical Institutionalism Perspective

台中市「體二用地」約27公頃的計畫其中包含東側約6公頃的「聚落區」：東勢子；及南側約4公頃的「軍眷區」：精武新村。從日治時期建立都市計畫雛型後，歷經百年到現在，卻依然陷入困境而無法完成開發，成為台中市區精華地段的窳陋地區，相當可惜。其歷經多年而未開發的原因為何，值得探索；是如Peter Hall所稱的規劃失靈，還是如新制度經濟學家Douglas North所稱的路徑依賴(path dependency)造成的制度鎖進(lock-in)而無法改變？本研究從歷史制度論與規劃失靈的觀點對台中體二用地進行研究，發現其開發的延宕，確實如歷史制度論所言，近百年的時間中發生多次關鍵時刻(critical juncture)與接連的斷續式均衡(punctuated equilibrium)的路徑依賴，體二用地計畫陷入不同的制度鎖進，造成其發展的困境。也可看出規劃確實受到很多制約，包含大時代下主流意識與國家政策目標下，城市規劃不得不做的適應與改變，甚至因而產生的困境。

Taichung City’s“Sport-II”land use plan, covering 27ha, includes about 6ha of settlement area on the east side: Dongshizi; and about 4ha of military dependency area on the south side: Jingwu New Village. After the outline of urban planning in the Japanese colonial era, after a hundred years to the present, it is still in trouble and cannot complete the development, and it has become a poor area in the essence of Taichung City, which is a pity. The reasons why it has not been completed for many years are worth exploring; Is it a planning failure, as Peter Hall calls it, or is it a n institutional lock-in that cannot be changed, as the new institutional economist Douglas North calls path dependency? This study examines the Sport-II land use plan in Taichung from the perspective of historical institutionalism and planning failure, and finds that the delay in its development is indeed as stated by historical institutional ism, and there have been many critical juncture and successive punctuated equilibrium in the past 100 years . The path dependence makes Sport-II fall into different systems and locked in, resulting in the development dilemma. It can also be seen that urban planning is indeed subject to many constraints, including the mainstream ideology of the era and the national policy goals, which have to adapt and change, and even cause difficulties.