「反於無」的心性實踐──王弼「性其情」說及其相關問題探論

The Spiritual Cultivation Practice of ''Returning to Non-Being''——A Study of Wang Bi's ''Governing Emotions by Original Nature'' Theory and Related Issues

本文以王弼的「性其情」說為研究對象，首先梳理了王弼貴無論中「以無為體」、「以無為用」及「一以統眾」、「靜以制動」等主張，這些主張皆是貫穿王弼哲學的指導性思維；其次則梳理了王弼以前「性無善惡」、「性與氣稟」等心性論思考，這些思考都在一定程度上影響了「性其情」說的建構；再次則深入剖析「性其情」說的整體表詮，對「性」、「心」、「情」、「欲」、「靜」、「儀」等諸概念及其意涵關聯進行考察，也嘗試回應前輩學者對「性其情」說的質疑，包含認為：王弼自始即是主張以一個「無」的本體來產生出「無」的作用，所以並沒有「一個無正善可言的本體，難道能產生一個絕對正善的作用嗎？」這樣的理論問題；最後則延伸到對王弼哲學之體道/無工夫論的詮釋，總結「反於無」即是王弼哲學中最重要的實踐原則，無論在心性整飭或體證道/無的實踐上皆不例外。

This research focuses on Wang Bi's proposed theory of ''governing emotions by original nature'' (性其情). First, it systematically organizes several core viewpoints from Wang Bi's ''Theory of Valuing Non-Being'' (貴無論) in Xuanxue, which constitute the guiding principles of his entire philosophical system. Next, it examines various theoretical conceptions about mind-nature (心性) issues from ancient Chinese thinkers prior to Wang Bi. These intellectual resources substantively influenced Wang Bi's construction of his own theory of mind-nature and were integrated into his doctrine of ''governing emotions by original nature. ''Subsequently, the study provides a detailed explanation of Wang Bi's comprehensive interpretation of the ''governing emotions by original nature'' theory, conducting an in-depth analysis of the connotations and interrelationships of core concepts such as ''original nature'' (性), ''mind'' (心), ''emotions'' (情), ''desires'' (欲), ''emptiness-quiescence'' (靜), and ''ritual propriety'' (儀). Simultaneously, it responds to academic questions and discussions raised about this theory. Finally, the research further interprets Wang Bi's practical theory concerning the ''realization of Dao/Non-Being'' (體道/無), concluding that ''returning to Non-Being'' (反於無) is the most fundamental practical criterion in Wang Bi's philosophy. This criterion applies equally whether in the practice of spiritual self-cultivation or in the realization of Dao/Non-Being.