從詞族觀點論漣水方言的若干本字

On Several Etymologies of Lianshui Dialect from the Perspective of Word Family

本文旨在利用歷史語言學的比較方法，考察江淮官話洪巢片漣水方言中數個尚未達成共識的詞彙本字。本研究立基於詞族觀點，透過朱駿聲《說文通訓定聲》（1833）提供的求語根思考，將同族詞視為同屬一個語源（etymon）的孳生詞。研究方法著重於方言與文獻、方言與方言間的比較研究，以音韻的聲母、韻母、聲調之「規則對應」為核心論證依據。
本文探討的漣水方言詞彙如下：
1.表「纏住、黏住」的piɔ5；
2.表「輕浮」的phiɔ1；
3.表「與人失交」的nɔ3；
4.表「吮吸」的suɑʔ7；
5.表「籃子」的nɑʔ7；
6.表「和麵」的səu3。
本文結論認為，透過嚴謹的音韻、構詞、詞義三方面論證，上述六個漣水方言詞彙的本字分別為：「鰾」、「僄」、「㛴」、「欶」、「笿」、「𣸈」。

This paper aims to investigate the etymologies (本字) of several unsettled words in the Lianshui dialect, a variety of Jianghuai Mandarin (Hongchao sub-branch), using the comparative methods of historical linguistics. This study is based on the perspective of word families, drawing on Zhu Junsheng's Shuowen Tongxun Dingsheng (1833) to identify a shared etymon for words within the same family. The research methodology focuses on comparative analysis between the dialect and historical documents, as well as between different dialects. The core of the argument is based on the principle of ''regular correspondence'' in phonology, specifically in initials, finals, and tones.
The Lianshui dialect words examined in this paper are as follows:
piɔ5, meaning ''to entangle, to stick'';
phiɔ1, meaning ''frivolous'';
nɔ3, meaning ''to fall out with someone'';
suɑʔ7, meaning ''to suck'';
nɑʔ7, meaning ''basket'';
səu3, meaning ''to knead dough''.
The paper concludes that through rigorous argumentation from the three aspects of phonology, morphology, and semantics, the etymologies for the six Lianshui dialect words are ''鰾,'' ''僄,'' ''㛴,'' ''欶,'' ''笿,'' and ''𣸈,'' respectively.