詔安客李慈勤家族對通霄與苑裡的開發探究

Zhao'an Hakka Li Ciqin Clan and the Development of Tongxiao and Yuanli

李慈勤原籍福建詔安，為陳唐迪之妻。於清康熙年間攜五子來台，因五子為志字輩，後人通稱陳五志。李慈勤是極為少數的唐山嬷，加上她於1719年與吞霄社簽訂開發契約，開啟漢人入墾通霄的契機，其後人至今在通霄、苑裡地區分布仍廣。本研究針對李慈勤家族對通霄、苑裡的開發，以及族人現存重要文物與民俗活動，與對當地文化影響等三方面，利用古文書分析、田野調查與口述歷史訪談等方法蒐集相關資料，主要報導人為陳五志兄弟中陳志考派下後人。再將訪談內容剪接成紀錄短片，結合YouTube與Google地圖進行苗栗詔安客文化的影像展示。成果包括35支記錄短片，內容涵蓋陳五志家族重要生活文物，實地記錄水圳、祖厝、李慈勤與陳志考古墳，與本研究主要報導人中元節祭祖的儀式。本研究也在古文書與日本時代土地持分資料對比了當前行政區，之後結合記錄短片以Google地圖呈現陳志考派下所曾持有的土地位置，其範圍北自竹北、南至大甲、東至銅鑼。而在訪談內容中可以確認陳五志等兄弟確實曾對苑裡慈和宮以及北港朝天宮的廟務發展有重大貢獻，兩廟皆曾供奉陳五志兄弟功德祿位。另外並針對通霄當地部分客家民眾的民俗活動做了結構式訪談，較為特別的發現就是當地客家人重視重陽節，當天一定要祭祖；另外則是供奉神明或祖先的祭品中，會將豆乾做為牲禮的一部分，雖然受訪民眾普遍使用閩南語，但掃墓均在元宵之後又與台灣各地客家人相同，所食用的草仔粿是以艾草製成。

Li Ciqin was originally from Fujian Zhao'an, and was the wife of Chen Tangdi. She brought her five sons to Taiwan during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and because they were of the Zhi generation, they were commonly known as Chen Wu Zhi. Li Ciqin was one of the very few women who immigrated to Taiwan at an early stage, and her signing of a development contract with the Tun Hsiao Society in 1719 opened the way for the Han Chinese to cultivate Tongxiao. Her descendants are still widely distributed in the Tongxiao and Yuanli areas. This study focuses on the development of Tongxiao and Yuanli by this family, as well as the important cultural relics and folklore activities of this family, and their impact on the local culture. Relevant data were collected through analysis of ancient texts, fieldwork, and oral history interviews. The reporter is a descendant of Chen Zhikao (the youngest of the Chen Wuzhi brothers). The results of the research include 35 short documentaries covering important artifacts of the family's life, on-site recordings of the canal, the ancestral home, and the two ancient graves. It also recorded the ancestor worship ceremony on the Hungry Ghost Festival. This study also compares the land information held by the reporter's family with the current administrative district, and then combines the short video with a Google map to present the location of the relevant land. The area extends from Zhubei in the north to Dajia in the south, and from Tongluo in the east. The interviews confirmed that Chen Wuzhi brothers had made significant contributions to the development of Cihe Temple in Yuanli and Chaotian Temple in Beigang, and both temples had enshrined the merits and merits of Chen Wuzhi brothers. This study also conducted structured interviews on the folklore activities of some Hakka people in Tongxiao. A special finding is that the local Hakka people emphasize the Chongyang Festival and must worship their ancestors on that day. In addition, dried beans are offered to the gods or ancestors as part of the sacrificial offerings. Although the people interviewed generally spoke Minnan language, grave sweeping took place after the Lantern Festival, as it does for Hakka people all over Taiwan. The grassy rice cake eaten is made from mugwort.