身心障礙者之防身警報器使用與功能需求初探──以第二類及第七類身心障礙者為例

A Preliminary Study of Needs and Functional Requirements of Personal Safety Alarms for Persons with Disabilities of Category 2 and 7

背景與目的：針對第二類及第七類身心障礙者對於防身警報器的需求及市售防身警報產品的操作困境，蒐集第一手資訊並提供相關建議，做為未來產品研發、政策與服務規劃之參考。方法：蒐集統整產品資料，邀集相關人員召開焦點團體座談會，邀請身心障礙者進行防身警報器使用性測試。結果：市售防身警報器產品多不便於肌肉無力或動作協調功能不佳的身心障礙者操作。使用性測試發現，參與試用的障礙者啟動一款市售產品發出警報所需時間最短為5秒，最長為30秒；多數試用者表示因操作流程簡易而感到滿意，但有超過一半的試用者自述有操作失誤，多與按鍵操作及操作回饋有關。討論：對於使用市售產品有困難的第二類及第七類身心障礙者，建議可透過實際試用，由專業人員針對障礙者與產品進行任務分析，以找出有利於障礙者操作的裝戴方式與動作模式。未來若專門研發身心障礙者的防身警報器，建議以通用設計的原則來滿足使用需求，可採用環境控制或電腦輔具的物品與裝置處理概念，考量以外接特殊開關的方式，來解決警報啟動的操作問題。

Background and purpose: In response to the needs of persons with disabilities of Category 2 and 7 for personal safety alarms, as well as the difficulties in operating commercially available products, first-hand information was collected and relevant suggestions were provided. The information and suggestions can be used as a reference for future policy and service planning as well as product development. Methods: Collected and integrated product information, invited relevant personnel to hold focus group discussions, and invited people with disabilities for usability tests on personal safety alarms. Results: There was a lack of personal safety alarms designed specifically for persons with disabilities on the market, and most of the products on the market were not easy to operate and use by the physically and mentally disabled who have severe muscle weakness or poor motor coordination. The usability test found that the time it took for persons with disabilities in the trial to activate a commercially available product to sound an alarm was as short as 5 seconds and as long as 30 seconds. Among the subjects who thought that the product could not be activated smoothly and quickly, most of them said that the reason was related to the switch operation and operation feedback. Although most subjects expressed satisfaction with the simple operation process, more than half of them reported making operational errors. Discussion: The use of personal safety alarms by persons with disabilities of Category 2 and 7 needs further promotion and education so that they can better understand their needs and have access to and understand different types of products. For persons with disabilities who have difficulty using commercially available products, especially those with severe upper limb functional limitations, their motor function, operation methods and the placement of the device have an interactive impact on the operating efficiency. There are individualized solutions to make the operation work. It is recommended that professionals conduct task analysis through try-out trials to find out the solutions. The principles of universal design are recommended to develop a personal safety alarm for persons with disabilities in the future. Specifically, the idea of environmental control or computer assistive devices can be adapted to consider solving the operational problem of alarm activation using adaptive switches.