技職師資結構性挑戰及永續性思考：以新北市實務觀點為例

Structural Challenges and Sustainability Considerations for Vocational Education Faculty: A Practical Perspective from New Taipei City

技職教育在臺灣經濟發展中扮演關鍵角色，然而近年技術型高中專業群科師資正面臨嚴峻的結構性挑戰與危機。這些危機源於少子女化、學生選擇學術群的比例增加、教師高齡化、產業磁吸效應以及師資培育體制失衡等多重因素的交互作用。本研究旨在透過文獻分析與質性研究，系統性分析當前專業群科教師不足與培育困境的全貌。研究者對新北市18所設有專業群科學校的校長進行半結構式訪談，以蒐集來自教育現場的第一手實務觀察與建議。研究發現當前技職師資困境的四大核心問題：技職教育邊緣化危機、師資供給與結構的矛盾、師資待遇與職涯誘因失衡、以及師資專業成長支持性不足等問題。
為尋求長遠解決之道，本研究提出五項建議：建立多元培育機制、提高教師薪資待遇及社會地位、建立長期師資供需預測與制度盤點、建立彈性在職進修與業師合作機制、以及各界正視整體教育環境。根本解決之道在於全面正視技職教育弱化問題，打造良性循環的師資培育生態系。

Vocational education plays a pivotal role in Taiwan's economic development. However, in recent years, teachers in professional clusters at technical senior high schools face severe structural challenges and crises. These crises stem from multiple factors, including the declining birth rate, an increased proportion of students choosing academic tracks, an aging teaching workforce, the talent drain to industry (industry magnetic effect), and an imbalance in the teacher training system. This study aims to systematically analyze the full scope of the current shortage and training difficulties for professional cluster teachers through literature review and qualitative research. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with principals of 18 schools in New Taipei City that offer professional clusters, collecting first-hand practical observations and suggestions from the educational field. The study identified four core issues concerning the current vocational faculty predicament: marginalization crisis of vocational education, contradiction in faculty supply and structure, imbalance in faculty compensation and career incentives, and insufficient support for faculty professional development.
To seek long-term solutions, the study proposes five recommendations: establish diversified teacher training mechanisms, increase teacher salaries and social status, establish long-term forecasting and systematic review for teacher supply and demand, create flexible on-the-job training and industry professional collaboration mechanisms, and ensure all sectors of society seriously address the overall educational environment. The fundamental solution lies in comprehensively addressing the issue of weakening vocational education and building a virtuous cycle ecosystem for teacher training.
To seek long-term solutions, the study proposes five recommendations: establish diversified teacher training mechanisms, increase teacher salaries and social status, establish long-term forecasting and system review for teacher supply and demand, create flexible on-the-job training and industry professional collaboration mechanisms, and ensure all sectors of society seriously address the overall educational environment. The fundamental solution lies in comprehensively addressing the issue of weakening vocational education and building a virtuous cycle ecosystem for teacher training.