流動老年人健康服務資源配置滿意度影響因素研究──基於fsQCA的組態分析

Configurational Analysis of Factors Influencing Older Migrants' Satisfaction with Health Service Resource Allocation Using fsQCA

面對新型城鎮化與人口老齡化背景下，流動老年人健康服務需求增長，其服務體驗滿意度成為關鍵指標。本研究在珠三角地區調查了187份年滿65周歲及以上的流動老年人。問卷測量了健康服務資源供給特性、個體特徵以及社會環境支援等條件變數，並採用fsQCA 3.0進行組態分析。共識別出4條高滿意度組態和3條低滿意度組態。結果表明，健康服務質量是核心基礎因素。高數字健康素養可支撐高滿意度，其缺失則是低滿意度的關鍵障礙。數字與線下服務可及性、家庭與社區支持等條件存在複雜協同與替代關係。研究揭示了滿意度形成的多重非線性路徑，為優化健康服務資源配置、提升流動老年人滿意度提供了理論與實踐依據。

Amidst new urbanization and population aging, their growing health service demands make satisfaction a critical indicator of service effectiveness. This research surveyed 187 valid questionnaires, older migrants in the Great-Bay-Area. The questionnaire measured condition variables including health service resource supply characteristics, individual characteristics, and social environmental support. fsQCA 3.0 software was then employed for configurational analysis. The study identified 4 configurations leading to high satisfaction and 3 to low satisfaction. Results indicate that health service quality is a core and fundamental factor. High digital health literacy can support high satisfaction, while its absence is a key barrier to low satisfaction. Digital and offline service accessibility, along with family and community support, show complex synergistic and substitutive relationships. This research reveals multiple non-linear pathways to satisfaction, offering theoretical and practical bases for optimizing health service resource allocation and enhancing older migrants' satisfaction.