純乎天理之極：王陽明心性工夫的「一」

Being Pure with the Heavenly Principle: Oneness in Wang Yang-ming’s Theory of Cultivation

現有的陽明學研究都有留意陽明思想有著「講成一個」的特點，但大多數的研究都會將之類歸為「一元論」的思想，未有深究當中的思路。本文以陽明不滿朱子學說「二」著手，提出一套詮釋體系以說明陽明「講成一個」的思路。本文將會論證：一、陽明的「一」能夠概括為「心一」，一個以道德本心將理學中的重要概念整合成為互為關連(interconnected)的整體的立場。二、「心一」在工夫論表現為「此心純乎天理之極」以及「本體與工夫的一貫」兩條主軸，旨在以「一」突出工夫的連續性、整全性、以及互為穿透性。三、從良知教能收攝陽明思想中的重要概念，又將本體與工夫合一顯題化，意味著「心一」系統的完成。四、從陽明言「一」的精神中提煉「一」的「純一」義，指出這是當代追求個人轉化中不可或缺的部份。

Recent scholarship on Wang Yang-ming has identified the concept of“oneness”(一) as a distinctive feature of his philosophical thought. However, existing studies predominantly interpret this concept as monism and have yet to engage in a comprehensive investigation or critical reflection on its implications. This paper proposes a systematic interpretation of Wang’s notion of“oneness”based on his disagreement with the Zhu Xi school. This interpretation is supported by Wang’s doctrines of“oneness of knowing and action”(知行合一),“archiving refinement and singleness”(惟精惟一), and“extending the innate knowing”(致良知). The paper presents four key points. First, Wang’s philosophical framework can be summarized by the concept of“Oneness of heart-mind”(心一), which presents a systematic position that integrates core concepts into an integrated whole through the moral heart-mind. Second, this position elucidates two main themes in self-cultivation:“the purification of the heart-mind”and“the oneness of original states (本體) and cultivational efforts (工夫)”. These themes emphasize the ideas of continuity, wholeness, and interconnectedness in the context of moral cultivation. Third, the doctrine of innate knowing serves to complete the system of“Oneness of heart-mind”by distilling Wang’s philosophical thought into a singular doctrine. Lastly, the notion of“oneness as purity”(純一) emerges from Wang's insights, representing a crucial element for personal transformation, even in the context of contemporary society.