外推與系統：從魯曼的社會系統理論詮釋華爾納的外推概念

Strangification and Systems: Interpreting Wallner’s Concept of Strangification through Luhmann’s Social Systems Theory

奧地利哲學家華爾納致力於科學哲學與跨文化哲學，他結合詮釋學而創發建構實在論，反思邏輯實證論的限制，探索何謂對科學知識的「理解」，並試圖藉由科際整合來確立知識的條件。華爾納提出「外推」作為科際整合在知識論上的策略，並展現在他對中醫之知識論基礎的研究上。建構實在論立基於多重理論典範，其中一個是系統理論，本文嘗試在系統理論的視域中重新詮釋外推概念，特別是透過德國社會學家魯曼的社會系統理論，在科學系統與其他功能系統的社會關連中追問外推概念的系統意涵。易言之，本文企圖把外推概念外推到社會系統理論中，一方面開拓對此一概念的理解可能性，另一方面亦展現此一概念在應用上的潛力。

The Austrian philosopher Fritz Wallner has dedicated his work to the philosophy of science and intercultural philosophy. Wallner integrates hermeneutics in his development of constructive realism, which he uses to critique the limitations of logical positivism and to explore the nature of understanding within scientific knowledge. Wallner aims to establish the conditions of knowledge through interdisciplinary integration. He proposed the concept of strangification as an epistemological strategy for interdisciplinary integration, which he further demonstrated in his studies on the epistemological foundations of traditional Chinese medicine. Constructive realism is based on multiple theoretical paradigms, including systems theory. This article attempts to reinterpret the concept of strangification within the framework of systems theory, particularly through German sociologist Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory. It examines the systemic implications of strangification in the social relations between the scientific system and other functional systems. In other words, this article seeks to strangify the concept of strangification within social systems theory, aiming to both expand the signification of this concept and demonstrate its practical applicability.