棕色脂肪組織在F-18 FDG PET/CT的表現

Brown Adipose Tissue in F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging

正子斷層掃描（Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography, PET/CT）是一種針對體內生化或生理過程進行造影的技術。檢查中使用的放射性同位素F-18 FDG會被棕色脂肪組織（Brown Adipose Tissue, BAT）攝取，因此容易導致偽陽性診斷。了解患者體內哪些部位及情況容易出現棕色脂肪攝取，是判讀影像時的重要依據。棕色脂肪組織常見於婦女與兒童，主要分布於頸部、鎖骨上、縱膈腔、脊椎旁及大血管附近，這些區域正是PET/CT檢查中可能誤判為病灶的來源。研究也指出，年齡、性別與寒冷天氣會影響棕色脂肪組織的活化，增加F-18 FDG的攝取量，進一步提高PET/CT出現偽陽性結果的風險。因此，正確認識棕色脂肪組織的分布及影響因素，對於降低PET/CT檢查中的偽陽性率、提升診斷準確性，具有重要意義。

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used to visualize biochemical and physiological processes within the human body. During PET/CT examination, the radiotracer, fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18 FDG), can be taken up by brown adipose tissue (BAT), which may lead to false-positive interpretations. A thorough understanding of the anatomical regions and clinical conditions predisposed to uptake of F-18 FDG in BAT is therefore essential for accurate interpretation of images. BAT is most frequently observed in females and children, typically distributed in the cervical region, supraclavicular fossa, mediastinum, paraspinal areas, and perivascular regions. Uptake of F-18 FDG in these regions may be misinterpreted as representing pathological lesions during PET/CT assessments. Previous studies have further demonstrated that factors, such as age, sex, and environmental cold exposure, significantly influence activation of BAT and increase uptake of 18F-FDG, thereby elevating the risk of a false-positive interpretation. Consequently, comprehensive understanding of the distribution of BAT and its modulatory factors is critical for minimizing the false-positive rate and improving the overall diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT imaging.