司法改革中的地方法院：基於改革實踐的思考

我國司法改革實踐的一個顯著趨勢是:在中央引領作用彰顯的背景下，地方法院始終有用武之地。中央和地方的因素共同決定司法改革需要地方法院積極性。在中央試點型改革模式中，地方法院的積極性表現為在中央試點文件框架下進行政策細化與在預留的空間內探索創新，其目的在於全面、良好執行上級改革要求。在地方主導型改革模式中，地方法院的積極性表現為在中央首肯、支持的前提下，積極設計改革方案和尋求改革經驗的擴散，這與地方需求、政策資源、績效預期和行動能力等因素相關。為深入推進司法改革，應在堅持中央頂層設計的前提下，重視、支持地方法院的創新實踐，通過完善試點改革機制等方式引導地方法院正確發揮積極性，為頂層設計提供良好的基層經驗。

Observing reform practice, a notable trend in China's judicial reform is that, under the prominent leadership role of the central authorities, local courts have consistently retained an active role. The interplay of central and local factors makes the initiative of local courts indispensable to judicial reform. In centrally led pilot reforms, the initiative of local courts takes the form of policy refinement within the framework of central pilot documents, as well as innovation in the spaces deliberately left open, with the aim of comprehensively and faithfully implementing higher-level reform directives. In locally initiated reforms, the initiative of local courts manifests in actively designing reform proposals and seeking the diffusion of reform experiences, provided that central approval and support are in place. This is linked to local needs, policy resources, performance expectations, and institutional capacity. To advance judicial reform more deeply, it is essential to uphold the principle of central top-level design while also valuing and supporting the innovative practices of local courts. By improving the pilot reform mechanism and related arrangements, local courts can be guided to exercise their initiative in the right direction and thereby contribute valuable grassroots experience to the central top-level design.