2023年公平交易法執法之回顧及展望

本文之目的，在於就2023年公平交易法（以下簡稱「公平法」）之發展，藉由重要案例與規範變革之介紹及評析加以回顧，以展望公平法的未來動向。
本文先在近年所重視之數位經濟競爭政策的脈絡下，分析公平會所提出之二項規範修正。在具體類型中，在聯合行為，除了行政法院在幾件加重裁罰案件之動向外，也發現公平會在事業團體等組織之執法上有值得關注的動作。在結合管制，本文試從遠傳/亞太及台灣大哥大/台灣之星結合案，分析平行結合未來在公平法上可能受到的分析方法。又本文中藉由統一/家樂福結合案作為楔子，回顧我國實務上就HHI之應用情形，釐清目前公平法上並未受到明文化的門檻數值。另外，針對市場地位的概念，可以發現實務上仍有「相對市場優勢地位」、「顯著市場力」、「一定市場地位」等多樣化的概念運用，本文中也嘗試釐清這些複雜概念之具體內容。最後，本文藉由兩則牽連較多電商平台之不實廣告案件，探討公平會可能是如何判斷電商平台與供應商間的廣告主責任歸屬問題。

This article examines several important Fair Trade Act cases from 2023, analyzing the perspectives of recent developments by the Taiwan Fair Trade Commission (TFTC) and the courts.
TFTC has recently focused significantly on the digital economy, publishing the ''White Paper on Competition Policy in the Digital Economy'' in 2022. In line with these efforts, TFTC announced a draft revision of the Fair Trade Act in 2023 and updated the Market Definition Guidelines. This article selects key issues surrounding these developments for discussion.
Regarding the enforcement of authorities, this article firstly focuses on TFTC's actions against cartel behavior and cases delivered by Administrative Courts. While TFTC has historically cracked down on associations and similar entities over the past 30 years, fines imposed have been lower compared to those in individual cartel cases. Insights from these experiences may be valuable in addressing ''hub-and- spoke cartels'' involving third parties in Taiwan.
Moreover, this article picks up two merger cases that happened in the mobile telecommunications services market because they seem like a ''parallel merger'' case. However, as TFTC approved these cases without remedies, there's a missed opportunity to discuss how TFTC addresses antitrust concerns arising from parallel mergers.
Additionally, TFTC's categorization of market power related to vertical restraints has undergone significant developments in 2023. Analyzing these developments based on case facts and official documents provides valuable insights into TFTC's evolving regulatory framework.
Lastly, this article analyzes TFTC's approach to assessing the responsibility of misleading advertisements on electronic commerce platforms, particularly those posted by sellers.