軍事審判的過去與未來轉型

The Transformation of Military Justice: Past and Future

自2013年「軍事審判法」修法後，我國軍法體系面臨「平戰轉換」危機。現行制度導致軍事審判在平時完全真空，造成三大隱憂：（一）平戰脫節：法律定義的「戰時」與實際軍事作戰的「應急階段」有時間差，且部隊缺乏平時演練，戰時恐難以「橫空出世」順利運作。（二）人力斷層：因平時無軍審，軍法官考試停辦、人才流失，戰時將面臨無合格法官可用的窘境。（三）指揮權責弱化：修法刪除了部隊長官對偵查的輔助職權（如附錄所示），戰時軍檢在資源調度與偵查效率將受嚴重掣肘。
全文務實地從「作戰實務」角度出發，提醒當前法制雖保障了平時人權，卻可能在國家面臨「例外狀態」（戰爭）時，因缺乏能運作的法秩序而動搖軍心與戰力。

Following the 2013 amendment to the Military Trial Act, Taiwan’s military justice system confronts a critical crisis regarding the transition from peacetime to wartime operations. The current institutional framework has resulted in a complete operational vacuum for military adjudication during peacetime, giving rise to three primary concerns: 1. Systemic Disjunction: There exists a temporal lag between the statutory definition of“wartime”and the practical“emergency response phase”of military operations. Furthermore, the absence of peacetime exercises raises concerns that the system will be unable to function effectively ex nihilo upon the outbreak of conflict. 2. Human Capital Discontinuity: With the suspension of peacetime military trials, recruitment examinations for military judges have ceased, leading to a significant brain drain. Consequently, the system faces the predicament of a severe shortage of qualified jurists during wartime. 3. Diminution of Command Authority: The amendment abolished the auxiliary investigative powers previously vested in unit commanders. This reduction will severely constrain military prosecutors regarding resource mobilization and investigative efficiency during wartime.
Adopting a pragmatic perspective grounded in operational reality, this article posits that while the current legal regime effectively safeguards human rights in peacetime, it poses a significant risk during a“state of exception”(i.e., war). The absence of an operable legal order at such critical junctures threatens to compromise military morale and combat effectiveness.