Kivala：從東排灣至大洋洲的原住民外交

Kivala: Indigenous Diplomacy from Eastern Paiwan to Oceania

現代外交往往由國家行政體系與軍事策略所主導。然而，在原住民族的跨社群互動中，外交傳統上透過原住民特有的禮儀與價值觀來實踐（如聯姻），與西方採用軍事、經濟或政治聯盟的方式有所不同。
近20年來，台灣的東部排灣族的男子會所/青年會逐步復興文化交流活動，在保留其傳統意涵的同時，透過現代化的國內外活動拓展其角色與影響力。本文旨在探討東部排灣族領銜的交流實踐中，如何在其獨特的本體論框架（kivala）內重新建構外交概念，並分析其作為一種原住民族外交形式的實踐，如何促進鄰近原住民族社群間的團結與互助。
本研究採用原住民族研究方法，透過2010年至2025年間於台東縣與屏東縣排灣族社群進行的15年參與式觀察，試圖從排灣族的實踐中重塑對外交的理解與詮釋。研究結果旨在於再思外交的意義，並強化台灣原住民族群間的團結，同時與大洋洲地區建立跨文化連結。本研究進一步期望，透過此種多層次的互動模式，深化台灣與大洋洲多元社群之間的聯繫與協作關係。

Modern diplomacy has often been dominated by state administration and military strategies. However, among Indigenous Peoples, diplomacy has traditionally been practiced through Indigenous protocols and values, such as intermarriages, distinct from Western approaches like military force, economic, or political alliances.
In the past two decades, eastern Paiwan men’s groups and youth organizations（青年會）in Taiwan have revitalized cultural exchange activities, preserving our customary significance while expanding their roles through both domestic and international events. This article explores how eastern Paiwan social practices conceptualize diplomacy within their unique ontological framework of visit, or kivala, and how these practices serve as forms of Indigenous diplomacy that foster solidarity among neighboring Indigenous communities.
Drawing on Indigenous methodologies and insights gained from 15 years (2010- 2025) of embodied observation across Paiwan communities in Taitung and Pingtung Counties, this study aims to shift perspectives on diplomacy by highlighting Paiwan practices of cultural exchange. The findings seek to reevaluate the value of diplomacy, promote solidarity within Taiwan, and establish meaningful connections with Oceania. This broader approach aspires to strengthen collaborative efforts and cultivate deeper bonds across communities in Taiwan and Oceania.