噶哈巫語第十至十二階教材編輯實務探討

Discussing the compilation practices for the 10th to 12th grade Kaxabu textbooks of the Ministry of Education

臺灣政府目前所認定的南島語言共有16種及其42種方言，同時仍有許多語言尚未被認定，分布於南投縣埔里鎮的巴宰-噶哈巫語，就是其中之一。台灣各個族語皆面臨著不同程度的語言瀕危，其中巴宰-噶哈巫語現為極度瀕危語言，目前只剩下極為少數的耆老尚有部分族語能力，且田野調查極為不易。
巴宰和噶哈巫在2002至2005年期間編撰九階族語教材。2020年起，台灣各族進一步編纂十至十二階教材，巴宰及噶哈巫語也在2022年開始編纂，目前（2025）第十階至第十二階皆已編撰完畢。有別於其他族群仍有較多的發音人，噶哈巫語教材編纂工作更為艱鉅，而本文也將以自身參與教材編輯之實務經歷為例，探討極度瀕危的語言其教材編輯的方法論。更具體來說，此文說明教材的編撰方法，包括教材中的語料來源以及教材編撰內容。另外也討論所遇到的困境以及解決問題方式。

The Taiwanese government currently recognizes 16 Austronesian languages and 42 dialects, with many others still awaiting formal recognition. Among these is Pazeh-Kaxabu, spoken in Puli Township, Nantou County. All indigenous languages in Taiwan face varying degrees of endangerment, and Pazeh-Kaxabu is classified as critically endangered, if not moribund. At present, only a very small number of elderly (semi-)speakers remain, and fieldwork is extremely challenging.
The Ministry of Education nine-level textbooks for Pazeh and Kaxabu were compiled between 2002 and 2005. The compilation of textbooks for the 10th to 12th levels began in 2020 for all the officially recognized Indigenous languages spoken in Taiwan. This process started in 2022 for Pazeh and Kaxabu and, in 2025, we finished writing the 12th-level textbook.
Unlike other languages that have a relatively larger number of speakers, editing Kaxabu language textbooks is particularly arduous. This paper draws on the author’s practical experience in textbook editing to explore methodologies for compiling materials for critically endangered languages. More specifically, it outlines the methods used in creating the textbooks, including the sources of linguistic data and the content of the materials. It also discusses the difficulties encountered and the approaches used to address these challenges.