互文性視角下蘇軾遊覽題材辭賦對莊騷的接受

An Intertextual Perspective on the Reception of Zhuangzi and Chu Ci in Su Shi’s Ci and Fu Prose: Centered on the Thematic Core of Roaming Excursions

互文性（intertextuality）是文學活動重要的特點，每一個文本都會與它所存在的社會制度、歷史文化、思想傳統發生接受與輸出的交互影響。蘇軾為宋代文學藝術成就的峭拔高峰，其前後〈赤壁賦〉與歐陽脩〈秋聲賦〉為宋代著名之三大新文賦，在賦壇及賦史佔有重要地位。蘇軾遊覽題材辭賦者計有：前後〈赤壁〉、〈灩澦堆〉、〈屈原廟〉、〈昆陽城〉、〈黃泥坂詞〉、〈清溪詞〉、〈山坡陀行〉八篇。蘇軾透過哲學融合、語言與意象重構等方式，將莊子逍遙精神與屈原忠貞品格融鑄為獨特的審美範式。細讀蘇軾上述八篇遊覽題材的辭賦，以互文性理論的意識形態研究路徑以及詩學形態研究路徑分析，歸結出三點結論：一、前後〈赤壁賦〉、〈黃泥坂詞〉、〈山坡陀行〉充分體現《莊子》逍遙諧適的精神，以及萬物齊一、物忘與物化、道成而不言等思想；二、〈屈原廟賦〉藉由虛設的主客問答，向忠君愛國的耿介正直的千古第一詩人屈原致敬，側面表現蘇軾與屈原相近的獨立人格與高潔人品；三、蘇軾遊覽題材辭賦中的諸多用語襲衍自屈騷，繼承了屈騷的浪漫精神，而在騷體句式的使用上，明顯的使用長句以向散文靠攏，是有新變的繼承，如〈屈原廟〉與〈山坡陀行〉即是如此。蘇軾對莊騷的接受是通過互文性實踐完成對古典傳統的創造性轉化。這種互文性，不僅拓展了辭賦的表現，也折射出宋代文人在儒道衝突下的精神融通與超越。

Intertextuality is an important feature of literary activities, and each text will interact with its existing social system, historical culture, and ideological tradition. Su Shi is the peak of literary and artistic achievements in the Song Dynasty. The Chibi Fu and Ouyang Xiu Qiu Sheng Fu are the three famous prose Fu in the Song Dynasty, which occupy an important position in the Fu altar and Fu history. Su Shi's tour theme of the speech includes: Chibi , Yan Dui , Qu Yuan Temple , Kunyang City, Huangniban Ci , Qingxi Ci , and Tuoxing on the Hillside . Through the integration of philosophy, language and image reconstruction, Su Shi fused Zhuangzi's carefree spirit and Qu Yuan's loyal character into a unique aesthetic paradigm. Careful reading of Su Shi's eight excursion theme poems, with intertextual ideological research path and poetic form research path analysis, the following three conclusions can be concluded: 1. Before and after Chibi Fu , Huangniban Ci , Mountain Slope Tuoxing fully embodies the carefree and harmonious spirit of Zhuangzi , as well as the ideas of unity of all things, forgetting and materialization, and Taoism without words; 2. Qu Yuan Temple Fu pays tribute to the loyal and patriotic Geng Jie, the upright first poet of the ages, Qu Yuan, by means of false subject-guest questions and answers, expressing the independent personality and noble character of Su Shi and Qu Yuan; 3. Many terms in Su Shi's excursion theme poems are derived from Qu Sao, inheriting Qu Sao's romantic spirit, and in the use of satirical sentence patterns, obvious use Long sentences to prose closer, is a new change of inheritance, such as Qu Yuan Temple Fu and Hillside Tuoxing is the case. It can be seen from the above that Su Shi's acceptance of Zhuang Sao completed the creative transformation of the classical tradition through the practice of intertextuality. This intertextuality not only expands the performance of dictionaries, but also reflects the spiritual integration and transcendence of the literati in the Song Dynasty under the conflict of Confucianism and Taoism.