論卡繆對戰後法國的再造：以《抵抗、反叛與死亡》為例以《抵抗、反叛與死亡》為例

Reisistance, Rebellion and Death: Camus’s Reinvention of Post-War France

二戰結束後，各國開始摸索重建之路，其中，曾淪為納粹幫兇的法蘭西尤其亟欲重振戰前大國地位，還同時必須處理法屬阿爾及利亞的獨立請求。隨著阿爾及利亞獨立戰爭的開打，許多定居於阿爾及利亞的法國人必須面臨身份認同混淆的問題，出生阿爾及利亞的大文豪阿爾伯特・卡繆（Albert Camus）亦是其中之一。卡繆在其雜文集《抵抗、反叛與死亡》處理了三個戰後法國急需面對的議題。首先是去納粹化，其次是去共產化，最後則把眼光放在阿爾及利亞的獨立問題，並提出了具體的方案，試圖取得阿爾及利亞與法國當局的停戰共識。針對這三個問題的討論，實則延伸出卡繆對於我者與他者的辨明，在重新確立法蘭西身份認同的同時，對戰後法國提出想像與期許。

After the end of World War II, various countries began to explore the road to reconstruction. Among them, France, which had become an accomplice of the Nazis, was particularly eager to regain its pre-war status as a great power. It also had to deal with French Algeria’s request for independence. With the beginning of the Algerian War of Independence, many French people who settled in Algeria had to face the problem of confusion about their identity. Albert Camus, a great writer who was born in Algeria, was also one of them. In his collection of essays, Resistance, Rebellion and Death, Camus dealt with three issues that were urgently faced by France after the war. The first was denazification, the second was decommunization, and finally it focused on the independence of Algeria and proposed specific plans in an attempt to obtain a ceasefire consensus between the Algerian and French authorities. The discussion on these three issues actually extends Camus’s identification of the self and the other. While re-establishing the French identity, it also raises imagination and expectations for post-war France.