晚明海外地理書籍東南亞地區異域觀比較

Comparative of Exotic Perspectives on Southeast Asia in Late Ming Overseas Geographical Books

本文針對晚明時期出現的三本書籍進行對比，《殊域周咨錄》、《咸賓錄》、《東西洋考》，書中包括當代文人對於中國四方各國的描述和認識。比較三本書當中皆有出現的四個國家，暹羅、安南、占城、三佛齊等國，即可發現三本書有諸多相同之處，甚至有些用字完全一樣，可見它們應有使用同樣的權威史書。另一方面，每一本書也都有自身獨特的記載，這些獨特記載顯示出這些書籍仍有自身獨特資訊來源。而一些用詞上的差異則源於作者們所占的視角差異，並且在異國風俗的描述和評價中，也展現出晚明士人知識中多元的異國形象。透過比較書籍中的異域地理知識，得以了解晚明地理書籍知識來源的異同，以及他們對海外認知的想像及其差異。

This article focuses on three books that emerged during the late Ming period, which include contemporary literati’s descriptions andperceptions of various countries surrounding China. These three books are Shuyu Zhouzhi Lu(殊域周咨錄), Xianbin Lu(咸賓錄), and Dongxiyangkao(東西洋考). By comparing the four countries that appear in all three books–Siam(暹羅), Annam(安南), Champa(占婆), and Srivijaya(三佛齊)–it can be observed that the books share many similarities, with some passages being identical, suggesting that they likely relied on the same authoritative historical sources. On the other hand, each book also contains unique records, which indicate that they drew from distinct sources of information. Differences in terminology arise from the authors' varying perspectives. Furthermore, in their descriptions and evaluations of foreign customs, these books reveal the late Ming literati's diverse perceptions of foreign cultures. Through a comparative analysis of the exotic geographical knowledge in these books, this study try to sheds light on the similarities and differences in the sources of geographical knowledge during the late Ming period, as well as the variations in their imaginings and understandings of overseas regions.