貝爾坦收藏的《北京街道》圖冊及相關問題

A study on ''Beijing Street'' albums collected by Henri Bertin As well as the Related problems

十八世紀被路易十五派往中國乾隆朝的法國傳教士，除了傳教、在北京宮廷內擔任乾隆的畫家、版畫家，更能近距離觀察中國宮廷日常和北京城平民百姓的生活情狀。為了回應遠在巴黎貴族的期待，希望經由他們的眼和手去了解更多中國人民及中國文化的呼聲，傳教士們定時將中國書籍及所製作的圖冊（圖文併陳）寄回巴黎。當時主要的購買者（贊助者）為時任國務大臣的亨利‧貝爾坦（Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin, 1720-1792），他的舊藏目前大多轉入法國國家圖書館（BnF）。其中《北京街道》圖冊詳細描繪北京城內各級官員的服飾、中國人的風俗習慣、街道上出沒的市井小民、街頭藝人、各類工匠、小販及其販售的各式各樣物品等，具體呈現十八世紀末乾隆朝北京城市文化。尤其每幅圖像皆有中法文介紹，不僅記錄當時北京庶民所用語彙，也成為傳遞中國異文化知識到法國的重要圖文媒介，實為研究此議題之珍貴資料。本論文也將以全球化研究視角，一併討論其他相關出版品。

In the eighteenth century, French missionaries sent by Louis XV to Qianlong Court charged in Missions, worked as painters and printers , and could observe the daily life of the imperial court and the civilians life in Beijing city. In response to the aristocrats far from Paris who wished to know more about Chinese people and culture, the missionaries regularly sent Chinese books and the albums they produced(pictures and texts) back to Paris. The main reader(purchaser) at the time was Henry Bertin, whose old collection is currently mostly received by the National Library of France(Paris).
The ''Beijing Street'' albums detailed and concretely represented the costumes of Chinese officials at all levels in Beijing, the customs of Chinese people, the people haunting on the streets, the hawkers and the various items they sell, etc. Especially, it uses both Chinese and French to introduce each graphic, not only records the vocabulary used by the Beijing people at that time, but also becomes an important graphic medium for transmitting Chinese cultural knowledge to France, and indeed a precious material for the study of this topic. Furthermore, this essay will discuss the other related albums based on a global perspective.