打造可慾望的「跨性別」：情慾可生活性與跨性別認同及身體形塑

Doing Desirable“Transgender”: Erotic Livability and the Formation of Transgender Body and Identity

本文探究跨性別者多元且異質的性別跨越認同和身體表現，如何浮現於其探索情慾實踐和親密關係，並與異性戀性別二元常規對抗或協商的歷程之中。本文以半結構式訪談為方法，聚焦釐析跨性別者情慾生活、身體體現以及身分認同之間的相互關聯。本文提出「情慾可生活性」概念，論證成為可被理解、並且可生活的社會情慾主體，是跨性別者在考量醫療介入，並制定認同及身體打造計畫時不可或缺的一環。本文指出：異性戀性別二元常規、身體條件、多元性腳本及情慾社群，是定義跨性別情慾可生活性的關鍵要素。首先，在常規情境中，跨性別主體對於情慾生活的認知受異性戀及性別二元意識形態召喚，進而以性別重置手術做為認同和身體打造之標的。然而，「身體條件」中介了跨性別者協商情慾和認同的彈性空間，形成跨性別者探索非常規且「可生活」之情慾互動、性別認同和身體實踐的轉折點。另外，同性戀和第三性等情慾腳本和社群，也提供另類認知框架，使跨性別主體得以並置原生身體和性別認同之間的扞格，並差異化地援用醫療介入，進而創造可生活的跨性別情慾主體位置。藉由情慾可生活性的分析視角，本文凸顯跨性別身分形塑的社會性和關係性，彰顯社會規範和情慾關係如何是個人非常規性別認同體現的結構脈絡，同時也系統性地梳理在「跨性別」大傘之下，跨性別主體多元且差異的認同體現發展軌跡。

This paper explores how the diverse gender-crossing identities and embodiments of transgender individuals emerge in their exploration of sexual practices and intimate relationships, and how these processes involve resistance to or negotiation with heteronormative gender binaries. Semi-structured interview data are used to analyze interrelations among the erotic lives, bodily expressions, and identity formation of transgender individuals. An original“erotic livability”concept is used to argue that becoming an intelligible and livable erotic subject is essential for transgender individuals when planning for medical interventions involving identity and bodily transformation. The paper identifies heteronormative gender binaries, bodily conditions, and diverse sexual scripts and erotic communities as key elements defining the erotic livability of transgender individuals. Their understanding of erotic life, shaped by heteronormative and binary gender norms, leads them to regard gender reassignment surgery as essential, with“bodily conditions”creating a flexible space for negotiating sexuality, identity, and heteronormativity. Non-normative sexual scripts and communities such as homosexual and third-gender identities offer possibilities for addressing tensions between physical bodies and gender identities, thus encouraging diverse ways of medical interventions to create acceptable erotic subject positions. This paper highlights the social and relational dimensions of transgender identity formation by illustrating how social norms and erotic relationships influence gender-crossing identities and embodiments under the“transgender”umbrella term.