耐撞與動員：七位女性主義學者在STEM領域的性平改革之路

A Tempered Radical and Mobilization Structure: Feminist Scholarly Efforts to Advance Gender Equality in STEM

本文探討七位具婦運經驗的女性主義學者在大學、國家、市民社會與學術界進行醫療與科技領域的「修正女性數量」、「修正機構／制度」與「修正知識」等三項性別改革的策略、成果、困境與差異之成因。分析架構參採Bereni的「女性目標場域」（women’s cause field）與Meyerson的「耐撞基進者」（tempered radicals）兩項婦運理論。前者強調每一個特定婦運目標皆由多個動員結構，含括國家、市民社會、學術界、企業或政黨等場域相互聯盟而共同推動；後者主張個人在組織中能夠推動性別改革，往往具有雙重鑲嵌的特徵，與採取隨機而動的小贏策略。主要研究發現有：（1）她們在不同場域使用不同行動策略，倡議議題呼應當時婦運脈動而具開創性。（2）臺灣性別平等機制由國家與市民社會共治，使她們可以扮演樞紐角色，動員多個場域合作。（3）歐美婦運推動STEM的性平浪潮、個人學術生涯與學校行政資歷的累積，且具有耐撞基進者／外人內置的特質，皆成為她們促成改革的助力。（4）科技領域較醫療界難以推動改革，乃因缺乏其領域圈內人的參與。本文主張：女性目標場域與耐撞基進者理論可以分析現今臺灣婦運多元動員結構，並建議婦運應培植女科技人與女醫事人員為圈內人，以及女性主義學者在校內應勇於擔任主管職務進行性平改革。

The authors contribute to a better understanding of the current mobilization structures of women’s movements in Taiwan. Toward that goal, this paper uses the lived experiences of seven feminist scholars to explore efforts to promote gender equality in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Drawing on Bereni’s theory of women’s cause fields and Meyerson’s concepts of tempered radicals, our analysis examines the seven feminist scholars in terms of their strategies, accomplishments, and obstacles they encountered at universities and in scenarios dominated by the state, academia, and civil society. It then discusses some of the key factors that are making these scholars critical catalysts for change. Our conclusion is that engaging a mix of female insiders and influential men in STEM positions will be a major strategic focus for future movement mobilization. In the past, this has been the greatest challenge for feminist efforts.