雙語教育的推行模式：從新加坡、加拿大的經驗反思臺灣雙語政策

The Implementation of Bilingual Education: Reflections on Taiwan’s Bilingual National Policy with the Experience of Singapore and Canada

近年來，受到「2030雙語國家政策發展藍圖」的影響，臺灣各縣市競相推動雙語教育。為了解雙語教育的內涵為何，本文首先釐清關於雙語教育的定義，比較其與第二語言學習的差異。其次，全球許多國家有其各自採用之模式來推行雙語教育，其中加拿大沉浸式雙語教育為較有歷史之雙語教學模式，而與臺灣同處於東亞區域之新加坡，由於其華人社會之背景，該國之雙語經驗在東亞常被視為雙語教育的典範。因此，本文將選擇新加坡與加拿大作為國外雙語教育的例子進行討論。文中將分析新加坡與加拿大推行雙語教育的歷史背景與發展脈絡，並總結相關成效。最後，提出對於臺灣雙語國家政策之省思與建議，作為臺灣推動雙語教育時之參考。

In recent years, with the release of ‘Blueprint for Developing Taiwan into a Bilingual Nation by 2030’, each county in Taiwan is competing to promote bilingual education. In order to understand the meaning of bilingual education, this paper first clarifies the definition of bilingual education and compares it with second language learning. Secondly, many countries around the world have adopted different approaches to implement bilingual education, among which Canada’s immersion program is a relatively historical bilingual teaching model. While Singapore, often regarded as a successful country of bilingual education, has its Chinese society background, which is similar to that of Taiwan. Therefore, this paper chooses Singapore and Canada as examples of bilingual education for discussion. Finally, this paper puts forward some reflections and suggestions on Taiwan’s bilingual national policy, and serves as a reference for Taiwan to promote its bilingual national policy.