創作性戲劇介入對發展遲緩兒社會情緒適應之經驗與成效探究

The Effect and Exploration of Creative Drama Intervention on the Social Emotional Adaptation of Children with Developmental Delay

本研究旨在探究創作性戲劇介入對改善發展遲緩兒童社會情緒適應之成效與參與團體經驗。研究以中部地區某醫院確診之發展遲緩兒童，參與慢飛天使兒童創作性戲劇之團體治療成員為研究對象。本研究結合量化及質性研究，以描述統計及無母數統計分析照顧者觀察發展遲緩兒童參與創作性戲劇團體前、後在情緒適應、人際適應及多元智能的改變；並透過個別訪談蒐集照顧者參與創作性戲劇團體前後育兒經驗，透過現象學分析，了解發展遲緩兒在團體治療的前、後變化，試圖以更宏觀的看見，補足量化分析的限制。本研究結果顯示，在量化分析部分，參與十次創作性戲劇治療可降低孩童的焦慮／憂鬱情緒，以及減少退縮及攻擊行為；增進口語溝通表達能力；提升了兒童生活整體適應能力。在質性分析部分，創作性戲劇治療構成了「老師－玩偶－兒童」、「老師－兒童－兒童」、以及「說書人－角色－兒童」的三角結構，形構出具「親近性」、「感染性」、及「融入性」的互動環境，並配合戲劇中的「願意」嘗試與「鼓勵」的正向連結，讓兒童在此環境中逐漸形成「主動性」。這樣的主動性，讓照顧者感受到「負擔」減輕，有兩個面向，一個是兒童提升「自我要求」，減少「他者要求」；另一個是，配合語言發展，兒童增加「具溝通性」的表達方式，減少「宣洩性」的表達方式。

This study explores the effects and experiences of applying creative drama in the improvement of social emotional adaptation for development delay children. We choose the children who were diagnosed developmental delay by doctor and referred to participate group therapy in regional hospital in the middle of Taiwan for the research object. This research combines quantitative and qualitative research. Use descriptive statistics and non-maternal statistics and phenomenological analysis. In the quantitative analysis part, the results of this study show that participating in eight treatments can reduce children's anxiety/depression, as well as reduce withdrawal and aggressive behavior; increase language communication skills; improve children's overall adaptability in life. In the qualitative analysis part, creative drama therapy constitutes a triangular structure. Creating an interactive environment with ''closeness'', ''infection'', and ''integration'', so that children can gradually form ''initiative'' in this environment. There are two aspects. One is that children increase their ''self-demands'' and reduce ''other demands''. The other is that, with language development, children should increase ''communicative'' expressions and reduce ''cathartic'' expressions.