病患照護人權實踐樣態初探：見習醫學生觀點

Human Rights in Patient Care from the Perspective of Clinical Clerks

目的：在醫學教育中，人權語言日益受到重視。本研究旨在了解醫學生於臨床見習過程中，如何看待醫病關係中病患照護人權實踐樣態。方法：藉由訪談大綱，邀請30位醫學系五年級以及六年級的見習醫學生進行面對面訪談。結果：研究結果顯示，人權概念興起確實對醫病關係產生影響，受訪者觀察到病患照護人權可以透過「尊重病患自主權」、「醫學專業素養展現」以及「人權在醫學教育隱藏課程裡的意涵」三個部分來進行顯題化。然而，臨床學習情境中的病患權利保障或遭受侵犯對見習醫學生而言皆是醫學教育隱藏課程的一環。尊重病患人權的醫師角色典範有助於強化醫學生的專業角色認同。結論：醫學生在臨床見習期間，透過臨床情境，學習醫師角色如何提供病患全人照護，進以習得臨床工作場域所須的專業勝任能力。除了正式與非正式課程的學習外，仍需反思醫學教育隱藏課程如何影響專業認同形塑以及保護病患權利免於遭受不當侵害。

Objectives. In medical education, human rights language is gaining prominence. This study examines the perspectives of clinical clerks on human rights in patient care.
Methods. Thirty medical students in grades 5 and 6 were invited to participate in extensive interviews guided by a set of interview questions.
Results. Emergence of human rights in patient care affects the doctor-patient relationship. Respondents remarked that human rights in patient care are represented through respect for patient autonomy, medical professionalism, and the implications of human rights in the hidden curriculum. Moreover, violating or protecting patients' rights in clinical settings is part of the hidden curriculum for medical students. Role models who respect patients’human rights can promote medical students' professional identity development.
Conclusion. During clinical clerkship, medical students learn how doctors provide comprehensive patient care in clinical settings, gaining the professional competencies required. However, in addition to learning in formal and informal medical education courses, it is also vital to consider how the hidden curriculum influences clinical clerks' development of professional identity and protection of patients' rights from inappropriate infringement.