如何延緩日間照顧中心長輩身體之功能性表現退化

How to Delay The Functional Deterioration of the Elderly in the Day Care Center

為延緩日間照顧中心長輩身體之功能性表現退化，於2022年開始於醫院日照中心進行跨科別之照顧方式。長輩因牙口不好、運動方式錯誤、人際互動頻率下降、興趣低，影響身體功能表現，透過對策：強化口腔功能、增加長輩互動團體活動、安排肌力訓練活動等方式，來延緩身體功能性表現退化速度。蒐集日照中心長輩對策介入前BMI、營養狀況、慣用側手握力、以及衰弱量表等四種的前測數據，以及對策介入後滿三個月長輩的後測數據。發現對策介入前，四項數據未達加總平均值之長輩占53.13%，對策介入後，未達加總平均值之長輩降至23.44%，達到延緩退化目標長輩占76.56%，成長率127%、進步率56%。本文以專案報告提出經驗分享，提供如何延緩日照中心長輩身體功能性表現退化之參考。

With Taiwan transitioning into a super-aged society, maintaining the functional performance of older adults, particularly those utilizing long-term care services, is imperative for successful aging. This study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of a multidisciplinary care approach in delaying functional decline among elderly individuals attending day care centers. Conducted as a prospective study from June 2022 to September 2022, we identified factors hindering functional performance among older adults through expert discussions. These factors included poor oral health, incorrect exercise techniques, reduced social interaction, and low motivation for exercise training. Strategies such as improving oral function, increasing interactive activities, and implementing structured resistance training with elastic bands were employed over a three-month period to delay functional decline. Outcome measures, including body mass index (BMI), nutritional status (evaluated using the mini-nutritional assessment), dominant handgrip strength, and frailty scale (assessed using the Kihon checklist), were compared between pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. Sixteen older adults regularly attending activities at a rural local hospital daycare center were recruited. Prior to intervention, 53.13% of participants did not meet normal reference values for the four outcome measures. Following the intervention, only 23.44% of participants failed to meet normal reference values, indicating a 127% growth rate and a 56% improvement rate post-intervention. This study provides practical insights through a project report, offering strategies to delay functional decline among elderly individuals attending day care centers.