花園莊東地甲骨「□」字新釋

A New Interpretation of“□”in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Unearthed from the Eastern Archeological Site at Huayuanzhuang

從《花東》108「□」字形談起，依部件組成係聯甲骨「□、□、□、□」諸字，進而論證「□」左邊所从「□」部件實為「櫓」形，並西周〈敔簋蓋〉「□」蓋繼承自「□」字，文中於是據「櫓」之聲韻條件推斷《花東》「□」、〈敔簋蓋〉「□」當讀為「貈（貉）」。其次，注意到《花東》「□」字之異體作「□」，推論其為後世「貈」字構形的來源，因隨著部件位置改換（左右不固定與受月、夕等字形影響），以及失去原文例語境，作為部件之「□」開始產生不規整訛變，直至春秋時期才完全訛變為「舟」，藉此字形訛變說亦可佐證學者將西周金文「□」讀為「固」，在聲韻條件、字形演變上是存在理據的。

Starting from the form of“□”on the 108th plate of the oracle bones unearthed from the eastern archeological site at Huayuanzhuang, this paper completes the sequence of the characters“□,”“□,”“□,”and“□,”insofar as to expound that the component“□”of“□”actually took the form of a“shield,”and that the character“□”on the yǔguǐlid of the Western Zhou dynasty was evolved from the character“□.”This paper then infers from the phonetic condition of“□”that“□”on the Huayuanzhuang plate and“□”on the yǔguǐlid should be pronounced as“hé”(貈). Secondly, noticing that“□”is a variant of“□”on the Huayuanzhuang plate, this paper argues that“”was the formal origin of“hé”(貈). The component“□”underwent irregular changes due to its positional variations (unfixed on either side and affected by the forms of“yuè”[月] and“xī”[夕]) and the missing of its original context. It was not until the Spring and Autumn period that“□”evolved into“zhōu”(舟). This also proves that it is justifiable for scholars to pronounce“□”in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions as“gù”(固), whether in terms of phonetic condition or formal evolution.