論葉維廉「離合引生」觀中的道家思想與詩創作方法

On the Taoist thought and methods of creating poems in Wai-lim Yip's ''decreative-creative''

儘管學界對葉維廉的各式評說，仍有不少探索空間；但由本文之各式闡發首先可推知的是，葉維廉獨創且在其理論體系佔有重要地位的「離合引生」觀，誠然與中國古典之道家思想，具有相當繁複的內在聯繫——但基於葉維廉和郭象、莊子之各自觀點，常發生異同互見的實際狀況來看，與其視葉氏之美學見解為中國古典道家思想的當代傳承，不如說葉維廉之立論重心，實為在大量吸納各式道家觀念後，再建構出富含自身特色的美學見解。再者，「離合引生」中與創作方法論密切相關的主要內容，至少應包含內在主體的應物感物之法，與對語言文字的具體使用策略：就前者來看，「依真而循全」、「空心而凝神」，即是自我心靈在感應外物時最重要的執行原則；至於後者之範疇，則概與「忘」、「反」等遣詞用字之奇異姿態，和倚靠意象來呈顯外在之真等實際技巧，密切相關。此外，「離合引生」一詞代表的離舊生新之意，不論在其與傳統道家思想之間的關聯，亦或在該詞所蘊含的詩之創作方法中，皆可謂清晰可見。最後，透過對「離合引生」的闡析，除了可讓我們更深地掌握葉維廉之美學思想與詩創作論外，亦有助於進一步澄清文學批評或文學史著作中與葉氏相關之懷疑或紛爭。

Despite the various comments on Wai-lim Yip, there is still a lot of room for exploration; However, from the various interpretations of this article, it can be inferred first that Wai-lim Yip's original concept of ''decreative-creative'' and occupies an important position in his theoretical system is admittedly intrinsically related to classical Chinese Taoist thought—but based on the actual situation that Wai-lim Yip's aesthetic views are often different from the views of Guo Xiang and Zhuangzi, rather than regarding Yip's aesthetic views as the contemporary inheritance of classical Chinese Taoist thought, it is better to say that Wai-lim Yip's Taoist theories are full of personal characteristics. In addition, the main content closely related to the creative methodology in ''decreative-creative'' should at least include the method of responding to objects and objects of the inner subject, and the specific strategies for the use of language and writing: from the perspective of the former, ''following the truth and being complete'' and ''hollowing out and concentrating'' are the most important implementation principles of the self's mind when sensing external objects; As for the latter category, it is closely related to the strange gestures of words such as ''forgetting'' and ''anti'', and the practical techniques of relying on imagery to show the external truth. In addition, the meaning of the term ''decreative-creative'' is clearly visible in its connection with traditional Taoist thought and in the method of creating the poems contained in the word. Finally, through the analysis of ''decreative-creative'', we can not only have a deeper grasp of Yip's aesthetic thought and poetic theory, but also help to further clarify the doubts or disputes related to Yip in literary criticism or literary history works.