台灣民間信仰宮廟供桌遞嬗文化因素之研究──以臺北市萬華區龍山寺爲例

The Transmutation of Cultural factors on the Offerings Table in Taiwanese folk religious temples—A case study of Longshan Temple in Wanhua District, Taipei City

供桌同宮廟共存了數百年，與其他傳統家具文物在歷史上具有同等的重要性，但長久地保存並非易事。本研究選擇台灣代表性宮廟萬華龍山寺作爲研究對象，通過田野調查，再輔以訪談法、圖像分析法共同進行研究。發現龍山寺供桌受四種文化遞嬗影響：（1）傳統中國供桌文化的延續，包括明清家具的繼承和吉祥圖樣的沿用，在供桌部件中出現「亞」字形擋板，此作法在全臺普遍流行卻少見於明清式家具中，可見臺灣獨特的在地文化在翹頭案製作樣式上呈現了延續與發展。（2）地方性文化的影響，即閩南文化，雕刻上出現海洋文化之圖樣。（3）1895至1945年期間對臺灣人生活方式的影響，於供桌細節上發現日式家具中使用頻率較高的推拉門。（4）西方社會思潮所帶來大融合的影響，不僅受裝飾藝術風格影響，表現出華麗多彩的審美情趣，且在雕刻上出現一批與西方宗教相關的圖樣。臺灣供桌受獨特的社會環境與文化背景更迭的影響，在現有的觀念框架中另闢出一條富有生命力的路線，並在文物史上具有特殊的時代意義。

The offering table has existed alongside temples for centuries, holding comparable importance to other traditional furniture relics throughout history. However, its preservation over an extended period poses challenges. Focusing one of Taiwan's most renowned temples, Longshan temple in Wanhua district of Taipei city, this study conducted a qualitative case study using expert interviews with the local craftsmen of offering table and image analysis methods. Our findings suggest that the offering tables of Longshan Temple are influenced by four cultural transmissions: (1) The continuation of traditional Chinese offering table culture, including the inheritance of Ming and Qing furniture and the use of auspicious patterns, and the appearance of the ''Ya'' shaped in the components of the offering table, which is popular throughout Taiwan but is rarely seen in Ming and Qing furniture, show that Taiwan's unique local culture has continued and developed in the style of the offering table; (2) The influence of Minnan culture, evident through the appearance of maritime-themed carving patterns; (3) Impact on Taiwanese Lifestyles between 1895 and 1945, marked by the adaptation of Japanese sliding doors found in the details of the offering tables; and (4) The great influence of multiple western social trends, ranging from the Art Deco to bold color schemes and the emergence of carvings related to the western religious patterns. Our findings not only confirms the significance of social environment and cultural background in shaping the unique craftsmanship and evolutions of offering tables in Taiwanese temples over time but also provide valuable insights for enriching public comprehension of Taiwan’s cultural landscape and safeguarding its cultural heritage.