環境教育人員對於不同類型森林在環境、經濟及社會層面重要性之看法

The importance of different forest types in environmental, economic, and social aspects: Perspectives from environmental educators

本研究目的在於探討環境教育人員對於六種森林類型在不同層面重要性的看法。研究以問卷進行調查，問卷內容包含不同類型森林的分類，依土地所有權分為國有林與私有林；依林分更新方式分為天然林與人工林；依造林區位分為平地與山坡地造林，各類型森林的問項包括環境、經濟及社會層面重要性，問卷也包括個人背景屬性資料，問卷有效數量為40份。研究採用描述性統計（Descriptive statistics）、重複量數變異數分析（Repeated measures analysis of variance, RM-ANOVA）及成對樣本t檢定（Paired Sample t test）進行分析。分析結果顯示各層面之重要性在國有林和私有林的組別中無明顯差異；在天然林（4.73）及山坡地造林（4.39）以環境層面的分數最高，人工林（4.85）及平地造林（4.38）以經濟層面為最高。此外，在環境層面下四個公益性功能在不同類型森林下之得分略為不同，根據成對比較t檢定結果顯示，三組森林在各層面均呈現顯著性差異，唯各組森林在不同層面所呈現之重要性並不一致；在環境保全與生態保育方面，國有林較私有林重要；天然林較人工林重要；山坡地造林叫平地造林重要。在碳貯存和森林遊樂方面，其重要性國有林高於私有林；人工林高於天然林；平地造林高於山坡地造林。本研究結果可供為林業政策擬定之參考。

The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of six forest types from the perspctives of environmental educators. Three paired forest types based on ownership, generation, and location: national (or state-owned) vs. private forests, natural vs. plantation forests, and plain plantations vs. mountainous plantations. A questionnaire surveyed was conducted tp assess the perceived importance of each forest type across three dimentions: environmental, economic, and social. The, questionnaire also collect demographic information about the respondents. A total of forty valid responses were obtained and analyzed useing descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA), and paired sample t-test. The results showed no significant difference in perceived importance across the three dimentions between national and private forests. Among forest types, natural forest received the highest score for environmental importance (4.73) and mountainous plantations followed closely(4.39). For economic importance, plantation forests (4.85) and plain plantations (4.38) scores the highest. While scores for the environmental function varied slightly, all were deemed important. Paired comparison t-test reveal significant differences, across all three of forest type pairs in eah of the evaluated dimension, with each forest type pair showing relative strength in different aspects. Gender-based differences were found to be inconsistent; National forests, natural forests, and mountainous plantations were considered more important for environmental protection and ecological conservation, whereas national forests, plantation forests and plain plantations were rated higher for carbon storage and forest recreation. All six forest types fall within the framework of sustainable forest management, and the finding of this study provide valuable insght for formulating related forestry policies.