惠蓀林場森林遊樂區火災對哺乳動物物種組成及相對活動量之影響

Effects of forest fire on species composition and relative activity level of mammals at Huisun Forest Recreation Area

在全球氣候變遷的影響下，乾燥和暖熱的氣候頻繁出現，導致森林火災的發生率顯著增加。林火不僅影響土壤、水源、植被及微氣候，還會改變野生動物的活動。本研究以2021年5月南投惠蓀林場火災為例，選取起火點杜鵑嶺及未受林火波及的松風山作為研究樣區，並參考2020年惠蓀林場穿山甲調查中的自動相機及沿線調查洞穴資料，對比2020年火災前與2021年火災後相同地點的哺乳動物物種組成及活動情形。研究結果顯示，火災前後杜鵑嶺的哺乳動物物種豐富度和組成相似，僅白鼻心在火災後未有紀錄。大多數哺乳動物在火災後於杜鵑嶺的出現指數下降，而鄰近的松風山則呈現上升趨勢，僅臺灣野山羊和鼬獾在杜鵑嶺的出現指數於火災後有所上升。整體而言，森林火災對哺乳動物活動有負面影響。然而，由於本研究中自動相機架設數量有限，僅能顯示火災對局部遊樂區的短期影響，對整個遊樂區的長期影響仍需進一步研究。

Under the influence of global climate change, dry and warm climates have become more frequent, leading to a significant increase in the occurrence of forest fires. Forest fires not only affect soil, water, vegetation, and microclimates, but also alter wildlife activity. This study focuses on the forest fire that occurred in May 2021 at Nantou's Huisun Forest Recreation Area. Trail cameras were strategically placed at Azalea Ridge Trail, the ignition point of the forest fire, and Song-Fong Mountain Trail, chosen as the reference area. We compared the occurrence index of mammals at these two locations before and after the forest fire. Additionally, we conducted a survey of Formosan pangolin burrows along both trails. The results showed that mammal species richness and composition at Azalea Ridge were similar before and after the fire, with only the masked palm civet absent after the fire. Most mammals exhibited a decline in occurrence index at Azalea Ridge after the fire, while neighboring Song-Fong Mountain showed an increasing trend. However, the occurrence index of Formosan serows and ferret-badgers increased at Azalea Ridge after the fire. Overall, forest fires had a negative impact on mammal activity. However, due to the limited number of camera traps set up in this study, the results only reflect the short-term effects of forest fires at camera sites, and further research is needed to assess the long-term impacts on the entire recreation area.