由經濟脅迫案例看我國可能之因應

Taiwan’s possible response based on cases of economic coercion

近年來，國際間經濟脅迫的案例逐漸增多，特別是中國大陸將經貿手段武器化。2023年6月9日，在經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）部長級會議期間，美國、英國、加拿大、澳大利亞、紐西蘭（五眼聯盟）以及日本等六國發表了一份聯合宣言——「對抗貿易相關經濟脅迫與非市場政策及措施共同宣言」（Joint Declaration Against Trade-Related Economic Coercion and Non-Market Policies and Practices，以下簡稱「共同宣言」）。宣言指出，經濟脅迫與「非市場行為」對各國民眾的生活及商業活動造成不良影響，並可能破壞基於規則的多邊貿易體系，損害國家間的關係，甚至威脅全球安全與穩定。
本文擬從國際經濟脅迫的具體案例出發，分析事件的經過、成因及結果，並評估如挪威、韓國及立陶宛等國對經濟脅迫措施的回應及其效果。本文亦嘗試將不同形式的經濟脅迫類型化，針對中國大陸對有利益衝突的國家、涉及人權問題、政治主權或國家安全等考量，進行貿易限制或威脅等措施進行探討。此外，本文將分析我國在面對經濟脅迫時可能採取的對策與應對措施，作為未來深入研究的基礎。

On June 9, 2023, at the Ministerial meeting of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), six countries–including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Japan–issued a Joint Declaration Against Trade-Related Economic Coercion and Non-Market Policies and Practices, which acknowledged that cases involving international economic coercion, particularly with respect to China’s practice of weaponizing trade measures to achieve political ends, have been increasing. This Joint Declaration also recognized that economic coercion and other“non-market behaviors”adversely affect the lives and business activities of individuals around the world, while undermining the rules-based multilateral trading system, damaging relations between nations, and even threatening global security and stability.
This paper aims to analyze the causes and consequences of specific cases involving economic coercion on the international stage, with a particular focus on the various ways in which countries such as Norway, Korea, and Lithuania have responded. In doing so, it also attempts to develop a system of categorizing different types of coercion by focusing on China’s trade restrictions against countries with conflicting interests as well as issues involving human rights, political sovereignty, and national security concerns. Finally, it offers an in-depth analysis of the countermeasures which Taiwan could potentially consider in responding to China’s increasingly coercive measures, thereby providing a basis for further research.