從歐盟數位服務法探討內容審核機制之規範

Navigating the Content Moderation Mechanism Under the EU Digital Service Act

內容審核指識別與檢視使用者的內容，該內容為非法或是未符合平台的服務條款規則，而對其採取具體措施，例如：降級、限制接取、刪除、終止或暫停止使用者帳戶等。歐盟數位服務法關於內容審核機制規範主為要求平台具備相當義務，包括對所有的限制必須有明文規範與說明，並且公平施行內容審查，落實勤勉、客觀、符合比例原則以及基本權保護之方式，且同時要求平台透明性報告之義務以及給予使用者內外部救濟機制。歐盟強調資訊透明以及設定相當程序來保護使用者權利，然相關的立法模式仍應留意在強調資訊揭露提升透明性之際，應避免忽略內容審核的實質公平性和合法性。此外，亦可建構具體的內容審查標準，避免審查機制透明性的要求流於形式。

Content moderation refers to detecting and identifying user content that is illegal or does not comply with the platform’s terms and conditions and taking specific measures against the content, such as demotion, access restriction, removal, termination or suspension of user accounts, etc. The EU Digital Services Act for the content review mechanisms mainly requires a platform to have corresponding obligations, including that all restrictions must be clearly regulated and explained, and that content review must be carried out fairly, and that the principles of diligence, objectivity, proportionality and protection of fundamental rights must be implemented. In addition, a platform is required to have transparency reporting obligations and provide users with internal and external remedies. The EU’s regulatory framework emphasizes information transparency and sets up appropriate procedures to protect user rights. However, the relevant legislative model should still pay attention to avoiding circumventing the substantive fairness and legality of content review while emphasizing information disclosure to enhance transparency. In addition, it is also necessary to build up guidelines for content moderation to protect the user’s rights.