死忠之臣，死孝之子－－魏學洢孝子形象之建構與書寫

Dedicated Servant, Filial Son：the Construction and Portrayal of Wei Xueyi's Filial Image

本文以「東林六君子」之一魏大中之子，魏學洢為考察對象。文章爬梳魏學洢相關之「死孝」論述，勾勒三條各有側重的語脈，一為以奏疏為中心，帶有更強烈外部目的與應用性的操作；一為以魏學洢其人為中心，為其詩文集所作序文，更加著重傳主心志與修為；最後則為後世傳抄之史傳筆記，觀察其如何在轉錄之間作出情節的改動。魏學洢為明代官方所留意乃始於奏疏，但其詩文集《茅簷集》應為流傳較廣，被作為主要轉錄的材料。在後續傳鈔中，魏學洢死志逐漸產生焦點的轉移，此類調整除可能受輿論口傳影響，亦與編纂者成書目的及性質相關。最終在《四庫全書總目提要》可見對其死因有所反省、補充的言論，除了得見館臣理性思辨的視角外，亦指向帝王對於死事、忠孝旌表標準的思考。而《茅簷集》序文，作為魏學洢形象建構的重要來源文本，亦折射晚明生死觀、忠孝論述的開展與轉出。晚明思潮下臨生死無怖畏的標準，在魏學洢的例子中，聚焦於「死之所在」——死忠、死孝。同時，魏學洢相關文獻將「死孝」納入性命之學的討論，也逐漸超出俗語「為臣死忠，為子死孝」的用法，反映了晚明思想中以生死學問既為至關、又為工夫之入手處的定位。

This paper analyzes discourses in the Ming–Qing Dynasties that construct the Ming intellectual Wei Xueyi魏學洢( ?-1626) as a filial son. Wei Xueyi is a son of Wei Dajhong魏大中(1575-1625), a loyal minister in Late Ming who perished in the party strife during the Tianqi Era, known as one of the representative figures in the Donglin (東林) Movement. Shortly after his father's demise, Wei Xueyi passed away, and his death, believed to be a consequence of the overwhelming grief from his father's passing, was referred to as“Filial Devotion unto Death”(Si Xiao死孝). In this study, I analyze how late Ming literati discuss Wei Xueyi's demonstration of filial piety and his portrayal as a model of a death befitting one's life. The paper includes three chapters that show different discourse contexts. Chapter one traces the earliest discussions attributing the representation“Filial Devotion unto Death”(Si Xiao死孝) to Wei Xueyi. Chapter two analyzes the prefaces of the Moayan Collection茅簷集, a collection of Xueyi’s poems and articles edited and published by his friends Qian and his father. Chapter three shows how the story of Wei Xueyi in the prefaces was transmitted and altered in local chronicles and notes. In the process of analysis, we observe how discourses place different emphases due to readership and the author's position. Additionally, we gain deeper insights into the perspectives of Ming and Qing intellectuals on death, as well as their reflections on how to appropriately embody loyalty and filial piety.