越南語動詞「đi」（去）：語法化的歷史階段

The VerbĐi (Go) in Vietnamese: A Historical Stage of Grammaticalization

本研究探討了越南語動詞「đi」（去）在語法化過程的一個歷史階段，特別是在古典作品中的演變。我們旨在回答以下的研究問題：（1）「đi」除了其核心意義「去」之外，還發展了哪些獨特的意義？（2）「đi」是否存在和其他語言不同的語法功能？研究結果顯示：（a）「đi」在三個構式中表示離開/消失、手段和意圖。像「đi lại」（去來）和「điđi lại lại」（去去來來）這樣的固定語式中，「đi」表達關聯性和互動性的意義。（b）「đi lại」（去來）能表達人際關係，是其獨特的語法功能。此外，與英語的「be going to」不同，越南語的「đi-VP」結構不能用於表達未來的認知形態。本研究通過對特定歷史階段的分析，增進了對越南語動詞「đi」語法化過程的理解。這個階段的「đi」從表示物理移動的動詞發展出更廣泛的意義，具獨特的語法功能。

This study examines a stage in the grammaticalization of the Vietnamese verbđi‘go’in classical works, highlighting its evolution from a verb denoting physical movement to one with broader meanings and functions at a historical stage. We aim to answer the research questions: (1) What grammatical functions hasđi developed beyond its core meaning of‘to go’? and (2) Is there any unique grammatical function ofđi that is not found in the languages reviewed? The results show: (a) Three constructions ofđi indicating moving away/disappearance, means, and intention. Fixed expressions likeđi lại‘go come’andđiđi lại lại‘go go come come’illustrateđi’s development in expressing relational and interactive aspects. (b) The unique use ofđi lại‘go come’to express interpersonal relationships marks a distinctive grammatical function. Additionally, unlike the English be going to, theđi-VP construction in Vietnamese does not exhibit the deontic or epistemic modality used to express future intentions. This study provides the understanding of the initial steps of grammaticalization ofđi‘go’in Vietnamese and contributes further research into its continued grammaticalization.