檢視女性藥癮中途之家在協助復歸社會的定位：以宜蘭縣渡安居女性關懷協會的行動研究

Positioning the assistance of women’s halfway house for social recovery: An action research on the Duan-Ann-Ju women’s care association in Yilan County

有鑑於我國獄政系統中，毒品防制罪女性受刑人再犯率高達九成，且出監後易重回毒品懷抱，亟需輔導重建獨立生活及就業能力，並恢復家庭和社會功能，突顯女性戒癮中途機構的重要性。本研究利用宜蘭縣渡安居女性關懷協會的實際輔導戒癮行動，檢視女性藥癮中途之家的定位，彙整女性戒癮和社會復歸過程中的影響因素與挑戰，並提出實質策略。此案主要為質性研究，蒐集渡安居的十二項戒癮行動方案，並驗證其成效。透過半結構式訪談，對渡安居輔導的三位女性戒癮者及三位輔導者，多方呈現女性戒癮處遇、成效，以及女性藥癮中途之家的定位和需求。根據統計資料，2012至2023年，渡安居共輔導73位女性，其中72.6%為監獄轉介，21.9%為自行求助戒癮，5.5%為醫院轉介。超過七成的安置期滿女性未再犯案，顯示生活已步入正軌。研究亦發現，女性戒癮者面臨多重挑戰，包括生活技能差、無力就業、家庭功能待修復及需提高社會融入等。針對女性戒癮中途輔導，應提供支持性的住所、多樣化的課程（尤其心理輔導、職業訓練）、重建家庭和社會關係及增強機構人力資源（特別是社工的角色）是支持她們成功戒毒的關鍵。而研究對於女性戒癮提出之實質建議如下：1.女性戒癮輔導需要多元性支持資源。2.提升職業訓練及家庭支持以增加女性戒癮成功復歸社會之可能性。3.女性毒品假釋者全數進入輔導機構重建社會功能。4.提高女性戒癮中途機構的數量和處遇資源。5.導入公權力角色於女性戒癮中途機構。6.強化戒癮復元友善職場建置於女子監所或戒癮中途機構。

Given that the recidivism rate among female drug offenders in our correctional system is as high as 90%, with many returning to drug use shortly after release, there is a critical need for programs that help these women rebuild independent living and employment skills, as well as restore family and social functions. This study examines the role of halfway houses for female drug addicts using the practical counseling and rehabilitation actions of the Duan-Ann-Ju women’s care association in Yilan County. The research identifies the influencing factors and challenges in the process of female drug addiction recovery, social recovery, and proposes concrete strategies for improvement. This qualitative study collects and evaluates twelve addiction action plans from Duan-Ann-Ju women’s care association. Through semi-structured interviews with three female addicts and three counselors, the study presents a multifaceted view of the treatment, outcomes, and needs within these halfway houses. Statistical data from 2012 to 2023 shows that Duan-Ann-Ju women’s care association assisted 73 women, with 72.6% referred from prisons, 21.9% self-referred, and 5.5% referred from hospitals. Over 70% of women who completed their programs did not reoffend, indicating successful reintegration into society. The research highlights the multiple challenges faced by female addicts, including poor life skills, unemployment, family dysfunction, and the need for better social integration. Effective support for these women involves providing supportive housing, diverse courses (especially psychological counseling and vocational training), rebuilding family and social relationships, and strengthening institutional human resources, particularly the role of social workers. Finally, the study proposes the recommendations to improve the effectiveness and safety of addiction treatment processes, thereby increasing the recovery success rate for female addicts as following: 1. Provide diverse support resources for women’s addiction counseling. 2. Enhance vocational training and family support to increase the likelihood of successful reintegration into society for female addicts. 3. Ensure all female drug parolees enter counseling institutions to rebuild social functioning. 4. Increase the number of halfway institutions and treatment resources for female addicts. 5. Introduce authoritative roles into halfway institutions for female addicts. 6. Establish friendly workplaces for addiction recovery in women’s prisons or halfway institutions.