影響安置輔導場域中觸法少年正向轉變機制之初探－－從社會關係視角出發

A Preliminary Exploration of the Influence of the Positive Transformation Mechanism on Juveniles Who Violated the Law in the Field of Placement and Counseling-From the Perspective of Social Relations

有成效、能降低再犯並重新回歸社會，是觸法少年輔導工作的重要目標，惟成效牽涉層面多元且複雜，國內相關探討亦較少，本研究透過檢視單一安置場域中，觸法少年執行安置輔導處分之主觀經驗，嘗試探索有助提升輔導成效的機制。運用質性研究—現象學取向方法、採立意取樣；以半結構式訪談大綱、個別深度會談方式進行資料蒐集；共有七位受訪者。研究發現—一、缺乏社會心理需求的有效支持，是受訪者出現觸法行為的主要原因；針對有長期逃家、逃學、到處遊蕩議題的個案，安置可能是較適合的處遇措施。二、觸法少年的改變動機，可以透過外部因素激發、啟動，並促其內在產生質性轉變效果。又不同層面的改變具聯動性，而提供具治療性思維的處遇措施，有助改變發生、成果維繫，並能延續到回歸社區後的生活。三、發現六項增進觸法少年正向轉變的機制，包含：提供安全環境、獲得資源與機會、適當規範約束力、支持性關係與親社會價值示範、親身體驗的歷程、善用和強化積極性個人特質等。當中以工作團隊之專業素養，為提升輔導成效的關鍵成分；尤其是工作者能具備「合理使用權威」、「以身作則」及「有意識的運用關係中，強化和模塑個案行為效應」等專業技能。再者，成人共享權力的意願和能力，確實是安置場域中的具體挑戰，尚待突破。此外，個案特性會牽動團體動力發展，高度影響安置場域的安全性，亦是重要議題。四、安置前，受訪者普遍面臨負面關係經驗，而正向的安置輔導經驗，是協助受訪者培養建構關係網絡能力之基礎，間接促成其重建或修復關係網絡的成果。處分執行過程中，阻隔負面影響力、增強正向關係經驗的體驗、人際技能提升、獲得增進親子關係的適當協助，以及原生家庭獲得喘息、緩衝機會等，是助長關係網絡良性轉變的原因。

In counseling work with juvenile offenders, effectiveness, reduction of recidivism, and reintegration into society are essential goals. However, domestic studies pertaining to this topic have been relatively scarce because effectiveness involves a multitude of complex factors. Examining the subjective experience of implementing placement and counseling treatment on juvenile offenders in a single placement setting, this study sought to identify mechanisms that aid in enhancing counseling effectiveness. This study used qualitative research with a phenomenological orientation and purposive sampling. With seven respondents, data was collected using a semi-structured interview outline and individual in-depth interviews. Research Findings 1. A lack of effective support for their social and psychological needs was the primary reason respondents broke the law. Where respondents have a history of frequently running away from home, being truant, and wandering far and wide, placement may be the more appropriate treatment measure. 2. The motivation of juvenile offender to change can be stimulated by external factors ,and then promote their internal qualitative transformation.Moreover, there are linkages between changes at diff-erent levels. Providing treatment measures based on therapeutic thinking helps in pro-ducing change, maintaining results, and extending the post-communityreintegration life. 3. This study identified six mechanisms that promote positive change in juvenile offenders: Providing a safe environment; giving resources and opportunities; setting appropriate regulatory restrictions; creating supportive relationships and pro-social value demonstrations; the juvenile offenders’own personal experiences; making good use of and strengthening their positive, unique characteristics. The most important factor in vimproving counseling effectiveness is the professional qualities of the work group. Especially important is workers’ability to demonstrate professional skills such as“reasonable use of authority”,“leading by example”, and“conscious application of relationships to strengthen and shape the person’s behavioral effects”. Adults’will-ingness and capacity to share power are a concrete challenge that requires breakthroughs. In addition, the individual person’s characteristics will affect the development of group dynamics and highly influence the safety of the resettlement site, which is also an important issue. 4. Prior to placement, the respondents generally had negative relationship experiences; positive placement and counseling experiences laid the groundwork for helping them develop their capacity to create networks of relationships, and thus indirectly contributed to results they achieved in rebuilding and mending their relationship networks.Blocking negative influences, enhancing positive relationship experiences, improving interpersonal skills, receiving appropriate assistance to improve parent-child relationships, and obtaining respite and buffer opportunities for the original family etc., are the reasons for promoting the benign trans-formation of the relationship network.