《三水小牘．王知古》之士人情志探析

On the Literati’s emotion-intention of“Wang Zhigu”in San Shui Xiao Du

鎔鑄時事的中晚唐小說向來具有諷喻性質，有時亦因感時傷懷而別蘊禍福、窮達之思考。本文考察皇甫枚《三水小牘．王知古》，除開展學界對張直方的討論，亦另闢抒情言志之蹊徑。要言之，在「年表錯亂」視角下，張直方的桀驁形象別寓作者對藩鎮亂象之憂心，王知古與張直方的嬉遊、畋獵則側寫出晚唐文人的迷罔與彷徨。至若小說裡的狐婚情節，毋乃因應王知古之不遇而生，但作者仍在論贊中以「穢獸」之說否定其攀附權貴的人生選擇。小說使用「因憂而遊」之敘事結構，卻使象徵富貴的狐婚美夢戛然中止，顯然作者悟解的生命安頓之道並不在此。文中大量出現源自科考書目的雅詞，推知其誠有志於儒術與仕途，〈王知古〉洵為作者思索世變及人生方向之表述。

The fictions of the middle and late Tang Dynasty, which incorporated current events, have always possessed a satirical nature. Sometimes, they also reflect on the fortunes and misfortunes, the poverty and prosperity , influenced by the vicissitudes of the times.This paper tried to make a survey of“Wang Zhigu”in San Shui Xiao Du that be written by Huangfu Mei, apart from developing academic discussions on Zhang Zhifang, it also opened up another route of expressing sentiments and aspirations. In summary, the rebellious image of Zhang Zhifang, seen through the perspective of“the displacement of historical facts”conveys the author’s worry about the chaos from military governors at that time. On the other hand, the plot of Wang Zhigu and Zhang Zhifang's social interaction and hunting together portray the confusion and helplessness of the late Tang literati. As for the“fox marriage”plot in the fiction, it is arranged in accordance with Wang Zhigu's frustration, however, the author still, in the commentary, denies his life choice of clinging to the powerful by using the wording of“dirty brute”. This fictions used the narrative structure of“traveling because of worries”, yet the dream of“fox marriage”, which symbolized wealth and nobility, was abruptly stopped. By this token, the author's understanding of the way to settle down in life was not here. We observed that a lot of elegant vocabulary in this work come from the booklist of Keju examination, it means that the author was really interested in Confucianism and being an official. As a result,“Wang Zhigu”can be regarded as Huangfu Mei's statement on the changing times and his life direction.