論中國大陸多層級金融監管措施體系的制度完善

On the Institutional Improvement of the Multi: Level Financial Regulatory Measures System in Mainland China

金融監管措施高效便捷、覆蓋面廣、針對性強，是監管機構重要的監管手段。金融監管措施未在法律中有明確界定，本質是預防與糾錯並重的外部管理工具，無法納入單一的行政行為類型。中國大陸金融監管措施制度存在與處罰界限含糊不清、缺少統一的設定標準、適用情形有待豐富、缺乏實施程序規定、實施主體受限、資訊揭露力度不足等問題。從立法上來看，建議以金融法為頂層設計，考量強制性、權益減損性、緊迫性因素劃分為非強制性監管措施、一般監管強制措施、審慎監管強制措施，明確不同層級監管措施的屬性及類型，同時從規章層面制定專門的監管強制措施實施辦法，明確具體適用程序及監督救濟機制，實現實體法與程序法兩個層面的制度完善。

Financial regulatory measures are efficient, convenient, widely applicable and highly targeted, serving as an important regulatory tool for regulatory authorities. These measures are not clearly defined in law and are essentially external management tools that emphasize both prevention and correction, and thus cannot be classified under a single type of administrative action. The system of financial regulatory measures in mainland China has problems such as ambiguous boundaries with penalties, lack of unified setting standards, insufficiently detailed application scenarios, absence of implementation procedures, restricted implementation subjects, and inadequate information disclosure. From legislative perspective, it is suggested that the Financial Law be used as the top-level design, and the measures be classified into non-mandatory regulatory measures, general regulatory compulsory measures, and prudential regulatory compulsory measures based on factors such as mandatory nature, rights reduction, and urgency. The attributes and types of regulatory measures at different levels should be clearly defined. At the same time, a special implementation method for regulatory compulsory measures should be formulated at the regulatory level to specify the specific application procedures and supervision and relief mechanisms, achieving institutional improvement at both the substantive and procedural law levels.