鐵道駕駛工作壓力及職業倦怠對離職意向之影響

The Effects of Work Stress and Job Burnout on Turnover Intention of Railroad Driver

經驗豐富的鐵道駕駛對營運效率及安全至關重要，但工作壓力及職業倦怠可能會導致駕駛的流失並增加訓練成本。因此，本研究利用「統合性工作壓力模式」探討其對離職意向的影響，並採用職業壓力指標、職業倦怠量表及離職意向量表作為基礎，藉由群集隨機抽樣法收集臺鐵、高鐵及北捷駕駛各100份以上問卷，共322份有效樣本。結果顯示量表信、效度良好且模型配適度佳。工作壓力對離職意向的直接影響在高鐵及臺鐵中不顯著，職業倦怠完全中介；北捷則呈現顯著負向影響。此外，工作壓力對離職意向總效果以臺鐵最大（0.618），高鐵次之（0.396），北捷為負數（間接效果為0.442，直接效果為-0.465），即北捷駕駛工作壓力越高，離職意向反而越低，此異於一般研究，值得進一步探討。

Experienced railroad drivers are crucial to the efficiency and safety of rail operations. Poor working conditions, high work stress, and job burnout can result in increased turnover, leading to higher recruitment and training costs. This study examined the impact of work stress and job burnout on drivers’turnover intentions using the ''Comprehensive Theoretical Framework of Work Stress.'' Three measurement models were evaluated: work stress, job burnout, and turnover intention. A survey was conducted using a cluster random sampling method to collect at least 100 valid questionnaires from the drivers of Taiwan High-Speed Rail (THSR), Taiwan Rail Administration (TRA), and Taipei Metropolitan Mass Rapid Transit (Taipei Metro). A total of 322 valid questionnaires were gathered. Multi-group analysis was performed to verify the model's reliability and cross-group validity. The results show that the reliability and validity of the measurement scales and model fit were satisfactory. Notably, the direct effect of work stress on turnover intention was found to be significantly and positively correlated for the drivers of THSR and TRA, suggesting that job burnout fully mediates the relationship between work stress and turnover intention. In contrast, for Taipei Metro drivers, this direct effect was significantly negative. Additionally, TRA drivers exhibited the highest total effect of work stress on turnover intention (0.618), followed by THSR drivers (0.396). Interestingly, the total effect of work stress on turnover intention for Taipei Metro drivers was negative, with an indirect effect of 0.442 and a direct effect of -0.465, implying that, for Taipei Metro drivers, higher work stress is associated with lower turnover intentions, which contradicts the findings of most studies on work stress and turnover intention. The potential factors contributing to this negative effect warrant further investigation.