3D電池的發展與未來展望

Development and Future Prospects of 3D Batteries

近代先進儲能電池的發展大多注重於新材料與固態電池系統的開發，而電極的設計上基本是以平面疊層簡單結構為主，然而許多新興應用要求電池同時具有高能量與高功率性能，但是在傳統電池設計中的原則上並無法達成。一般而言，高功率的電池設計會導致低能量密度，反之亦然。新穎的電池設計可以有效解決這個問題，3D電池不但具有薄膜電池的高速充放電性能，也能夠藉由加厚電極但不影響電子與離子傳輸距離的狀況下，進一步提升能量密度。由於3D電池的製程與半導體製程高度相關，所以很適合與微機電系統或自供電晶片的設計進行整合，本文將會介紹3D電池的運作原理、結構設計、製作方式、經典設計案例與未來可能的發展方向。

In recent years, the development of advanced batteries aimed at new materials and solid-state battery systems, and the mainstream electrode design was based on a simple planar electrode stacking structure. However, emerging applications require batteries with both high energy density and high power density, which is impossible to be realized in traditional battery designs. In general, high power battery design will lead to low energy density, and vice versa. Developing innovative battery architecture can be a feasible means to solve this issue. 3D batteries can not only possess fast charge-discharge feature inherited from thin-film batteries but also improve their energy density by elongating electrode structure without increasing the transport distance of electrons and ions. Since the processing methods of 3D batteries are highly related to those of semiconductor devices, it would be streamlining to integrate 3D batteries with microelectromechanical systems or self-powered chips. This review article will introduce the mechanisms, structural designs, manufacturing processes, classic design examples, and future prospects of 3D batteries.