高科技產品出口國家實現RE100的挑戰與機會──以台灣為例

The Challenges of Fulfilling RE100 in High-Tech Product Export Countries: The Case of Taiwan

近年來，國際上以「RE100倡議」來推動企業轉向100%再生能源，但對於以製造業出口為主的國家（如台灣）而言，此舉面臨嚴峻挑戰。作為全球半導體與高科技產品供應鏈的重要節點，台灣在能源結構、政策法規與基礎建設等層面上皆面臨重大制約。本研究從六個關鍵面向探討台灣在RE100實踐過程中的挑戰：(1)台灣與已開發國家（如英國）的可再生能源發展比較；(2)台灣能源轉型的局限性，包括地理條件、經濟與政治因素、以及達成RE30的政策障礙；(3)台灣高科技（製造）產業．可能會因再生能源供應不足，而失去在全球供應鏈中的競爭力；(4)全球碳資產流通機制作為可行的解決方案，平衡可持續發展與產業競爭力；(5) COP29、歐盟與美國政策對台灣可再生能源策略的影響；(6)台灣再生能源發展藍圖的評估及2030年前的挑戰。結果顯示，雖然台灣在再生能源推動方面已有進展，但若要符合RE100標準（如AMOZON及其供應鏈），仍需進一步的系統性改革。本文以資源基礎觀點與動態能力理論為理論基礎以進行討論，主張從RE100轉向碳中和，並透過全球碳資產流通機制，來建立更具可行性與流通性的全球產業減碳模式，以促進高能源消耗製造經濟體的永續發展需求與全球碳排放總量管制的目標。

The RE100 initiative, which advocates for businesses to transition to 100% renewable electricity, presents substantial challenges for high-tech export nations such as Taiwan. As a leading global semiconductor manufacturing hub, Taiwan encounters significant structural, policy, and infrastructural constraints that impede its transition to a fully renewable energy-powered economy. This article examines these challenges through six key perspectives: (1) a comparative analysis of renewable energy development between developed nations, e.g., the United Kingdom, and Taiwan; (2) the limitations inherent in Taiwan’s energy transition, including geographic constraints, economic and political complexities, and regulatory hurdles in achieving RE30 by 2030; (3) the risk of Taiwan's high-tech industry losing its competitive edge in global supply chains due to renewable energy deficits; (4) the potential of global carbon asset circulation as a viable strategy for reconciling sustainability with industrial growth; (5) an assessment of global sustainability trends, including COP29 outcomes, EU and US policies, and their implications for Taiwan’s renewable energy strategy; and (6) an evaluation of Taiwan’s renewable energy roadmap and the projected challenges the country will face by 2030. To address these challenges and propose a scalable decarbonization strategy, this study applies the Resource- Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capability (DC) perspectives, argues that a shift in global sustainability discourse, from RE100 to carbon neutrality, supported by structured carbon asset circulation, offers a more pragmatic and equitable solution for high-energy manufacturing economies. By integrating carbon trading with industrial sustainability strategies, this approach aligns ecological sustainability with global trade competitiveness, fostering a resilient, market-driven, and inclusive carbon economy.