歐盟與英國人工智慧政策之比較分析

A Comparative Analysis of EU and UK Policies on Artificial Intelligence

人工智慧的發展，已成為當前世界發展的重要潮流。人工智慧的研發與廣泛應用，對當代國家的政治、經濟、產業、及社會發展，造成重要衝擊。因應人工智慧現在與未來發展所帶來的影響，世界各國紛紛將人工智慧列為國家發展的重要議題，並研擬相關政策以迎接人工智慧將產生的巨大挑戰。人工智慧的政策發展，因而成為當代國家發展的關鍵議題，值得深入探討研究。本文乃針對歐盟與英國的人工智慧政策，進行比較分析。歐盟與英國人工智慧的發展，於世界上居領先地位。本文希望分析歐盟與英國人工智慧政策的發展與特點，並提出歐盟與英國人工智慧政策發展經驗對臺灣的啟發。本文的目的，主要有三。一方面，本文將分析歐盟人工智慧政策發展的特點與挑戰。歐盟作為世界第一大經濟體以及區域統合典範，歐盟關於人工智慧的政策發展與治理經驗，值得深入研究分析。特別是，本文將聚焦歐盟首次公布之人工智慧的政策白皮書，亦即歐盟人工智慧白皮書「人工智慧：卓越與信任的歐洲途徑」。該份白皮書，象徵歐盟人工智慧政策的重要里程碑。二方面，本文將分析英國人工智慧政策發展的特點與挑戰。英國作為人工智慧發展的領先國家，可對臺灣人工智慧政策的發展提供參考。特別是，本研究將檢視英國「人工智慧部門政策」。「人工智慧部門政策」，為英國首次針對人工智慧投入大規模資金與具體行動的政策。該政策評估英國發展人工智慧的優勢與劣勢，並提出策略性與集中性的發展方針，值得我國參考借鏡。
三方面，本文透過歐盟與英國的個案比較分析，歸納歐盟與英國經驗對我國人工智慧政策的啟發與政策建議。歐盟作為超國家組織，英國則為主權國家，歐盟與英國的兩個個案，可對國際合作與國家層面的人工智慧政策發展，提供比較性的分析研究。

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a global trend in recent years. The research and innovation as well as extensive applications of the AI have huge impacts on the politics, economics, industries, and societies of modern states. In response to the potential impacts of AI, countries around the world recognize that AI is a significant issue for national development, and endeavor to initiate policies to tackle AI challenges. Therefore, the development of AI policy, which has become an important task for national development, deserves more in-depth study. Against this background, this paper aims to conduct a comparative study of European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) AI policies. Both the EU and UK are global leaders in AI development. This paper will examine the development and features of EU and UK AI policies, and assess the significant implications derived from EU and UK AI policies for Taiwan. In this paper, there are three main objectives as follows. Firstly, this paper seeks to explore the features of EU AI polices. The EU is one of the world’s largest economies and a model of regional integration, and thus the EU’s AI policies deserve further studies. In particular, this paper will examine the EU’s first white paper on AI,‘Artificial Intelligence: A European Approach to Excellence and Trust’, which marks the milestone in the development of EU AI policies. Secondly, this paper aims to analyze the features of UK AI polices. Aa the UK is a leading country in AI development, the case study of UK AI polices could serve as useful reference for Taiwan AI policies. Also, this paper will particularly examine the UK’s‘AI Sector Deal’, which is the UK’s first AI policy with large-scale funding and concrete actions.‘AI Sector Deal’, which evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of UK’s AI development and devises strategic and focused policies, thus deserves further investigation. Finally, this paper seeks to, through a comparative analysis of EU and UK AI policies, find out the significant implications of the two case studies and propose policy recommendations for Taiwan AI policies. The case studies of AI policies of the EU, as a supranational organization, and the UK, as a sovereign state, will shed light on future comparative research and development of AI policies at the international and national levels.