社會工作人力整備：臺灣社工在物質使用與成癮相關業務的訓練與服務感知

臺灣政策轉向重視物質使用者處遇，社工人力需求大增，教育訓練可幫助社工提升信心與能力，本研究目的在探討臺灣社會工作者所受物質使用之相關訓練以及服務感知，並分析不同背景變項對服務感知的影響。研究方法是以各領域社會工作者為研究對象，以網路問卷進行調查，共回收840份有效問卷，研究工具為「社會工作者在物質使用與成癮相關業務的服務感知量表」。該量表包括五個因素：物質使用與成癮知識、對物質使用與成癮者的態度、角色功能、角色支持和工作滿意度，總量表的α= .949。研究結果發現男性社工在物質使用與成癮服務感知量表的所有項目分數顯著高於女性社工。教育訓練對提高服務感知有顯著正面影響，特別是在角色功能和角色支持方面。受訓時數越長對物質使用與成癮服務感知的影響越明顯。逐步迴歸分析模型的整體解釋力為38.3%，「過去的訓練是否足夠」對物質使用與成癮服務感知具有最高的解釋力。因此研究建議加強教育訓練，提供更多角色支持。本文所採能力金字塔模型與量表對於未來的物質使用與成癮服務教育培訓提供參考架構。

Following the shift of Taiwan’s medical policies toward substance addiction treatment, the demand for social workers has increased. Educational training enhances the confidence and abilities of social workers. This study investigated substance use and addiction training that Taiwanese social workers received and their service perception of related job responsibilities, and analyzed the effects of varying background variables on their service perception. This study adopted questionnaire survey with social workers of various fields in Taiwan. A total of 840 valid questionnaires were collected. We used the“Scale Measuring Social Workers’Service Perception of Substance Use, Substance Addiction, and Related Services”as the research instrument. The scale, which had a Cronbach’s alpha of .949, consisted of five dimensions: knowledge of substance use and addiction, attitudes towards users and addicts, role functions, role support, and job satisfaction.The results showed that male social workers outperformed female social workers significantly in all dimensions. Therefore, this study suggested that educational training in substance use and addiction be enhanced, and that more role support be provided additionally, educational training significantly enhanced service perceptions, especially in role functions and role support. Longer training hours also significantly improved perceptions related to substance use and addiction services. The stepwise regression analysis model showed an overall explanatory power of 38.3%;“Is past training sufficient?”had the highest explanatory power for substance use and addiction-related service perception. Consequently, this study recommends enhancing educational training in substance use and addiction, as well as providing more role support. The competency pyramid model and scale adopted in this paper provide a referential framework for future education and training in substance use and addiction services.