得利型財產犯罪的基本問題──以強盜得利罪、詐欺得利罪與恐嚇得利罪為中心

On Problems of Property Crime Concerning Infringement of Property Interests: Focusing on Offenses of Acquiring Illegal Benefit by Robbery, Fraudulence, and Extortion

我國刑法財產犯罪中的重要類型，例如強盜罪、詐欺罪與恐嚇罪，均具有將取財罪規定為第1項，將得利罪規定為第2項的構造。這些犯罪的性質應如何理解，對於我國得利型財產犯罪而言，是重要的基礎。本文在內容上分為以下幾個部分：第1部分中，掌握我國關於得利型財產犯罪的學說現況（貳）；第2部分中，則是掌握我國關於得利型財產犯罪的實務現況（參）；第3部分，則是基於上述兩部分的考察結果，應進一步分析檢討的問題（肆）；第4部分，則是就我國學說對於日本現行刑法理解不充分之處，重新考察近代日本現行刑法的立法過程，指出日本立法者的真正意思應在於透過得利型財產犯罪規定補充可能的處罰漏洞，並非如我國學界的一般理解，亦即並非單純地引進德國刑法的規定而已。並且，以此為基礎，本文也嘗試重新以侵害個人財產的觀點，對於得利型犯罪的各個重要的基本問題展開解釋論（伍）。

The main types of property crimes in the Taiwanese Criminal Code, such as robbery, fraud, and extortion, share a common structure. These crimes are typically divided into two sections: the first addressing the crime of taking tangible property, and the second focusing on the crime of taking property benefits. Understanding the nature of these crimes is essential for analyzing profit-based property crimes under the Taiwanese Criminal Code.
This article is organized into the following parts:
Part 1 examines the current theoretical status of profit-based property crimes in Taiwan (II).
Part 2 explores the judicial practices related to profit-based property crimes in Taiwan (III).
Part 3 builds on the findings of the previous sections to further analyze and critique key issues that warrant further discussion (IV).
Part 4 addresses the limited understanding of Japan’s current Criminal Code in Taiwanese criminal law research. By revisiting the legislative process of Japan’s 1907 criminal law, this article highlights that the real intention of Japanese lawmakers may have been to address potential gaps in punishment through the inclusion of provisions on profit-based property crimes rather than simply adopting elements of German criminal law.
Furthermore, this article reinterprets fundamental issues related to profit-based crimes through the lens of personal property infringement (V).