探討台灣南部某大學護理系護生於臨床實習之自我效能及其影響因素

Exploring the Self-efficacy and Its Influencing Factors of University Nursing Students in Southern Taiwan during the Clinical Practicum

目的：探討台灣南部某大學護理系護生於臨床實習之自我效能及其影響因素。方法：本研究採橫斷式設計，採立意取樣。以台灣南部某大學年滿二十歲之護理系三、四年級之護生為對象，進行問卷調查。研究工具包括護理系護生基本屬性及個人經驗分析及護理學生自我效能調查，共發出問卷264份，回收率100％。結果：85.2％樣本為女性，平均年齡為21.45歲；69.7％的家庭經濟狀況為普通；父母親最高教育程度超過一半為高中。研究結果與採用問卷之大一（M=48.09, SD=6.38）及大四（M=47.50, SD=6.88）護生比較，發現本研究之大學護理系護生的自我效能（M=44.19, SD=8.40）略低於原問卷之調查對象。是否喜歡實習（t=5.45, p＜.001）、自我實習表現滿意度（F＝6.81, p＜.001）及畢業後是否會從事臨床工作（F＝13.12, p＜.001）等項目皆具有顯著差異。結論：護生之基本屬性、個人實習經驗及就業意願，影響大學護生於臨床實習的自我效能，對實習態度越正向、就業意願越高的護生，此現象更為明顯。護理教育者應著重於引發並強化護生自我效能，以調適臨床實習壓力，增強適應未來職場的信心與能力。

Purpose: This study aimed to explore self-efficacy and its influencing factors of university nursing students in southern Taiwan during their clinical practicum. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was conducted and used purposive sampling. Participants in the study included 3rd-4th grade university nursing students who in southern Taiwan who were over 20 years old. The questionnaires contained personal attributes, personal experience, & self-efficacy. The study collected 264 samples, with a response rate of 100%. Results: 85.2% of the sample are female, with an average age of 21.45 years; 69.7% of the families are in middle economic status; more than half of the parents' highest education level is high school. The results of the study compared with those of the first-year（M=48.09, SD=6.38）and fourth-year（M=47.50, SD=6.88）nursing students in the original research. It found that the self-efficacy（M=44.19, SD=8.40）was slightly lower than the respondents of the original one. There were significant differences among students whom whether they enjoyed the internships（t=5.45, p＜.001）, satisfaction with self-internship performance（F=6.81, p＜.001）, and whether they will engage in clinical work after graduation（F=13.12, p＜.001）. Conclusions: Nursing students’attributes, personal clinical practicum experience, and employment intention affect the self-efficacy of university nursing students in clinical practicum. The more positive attitude toward the clinical practice and the higher the employment intention is, the more apparent this phenomenon is. Nursing educators should focus on triggering and strengthening the self-efficacy of nursing students to adjust to the pressure of clinical practicum and enhance their confidence and ability to adapt to the future workplace.