族群行政區內的族群孤島：原住民族與客家孤島的探索

Ethnic Enclaves within Ethnic District: An Exploration of Indigenous and Hakka Enclaves

國家法律在原住民族、客家族群的「族群原鄉」，設置族群行政區（原住民族行政區／客家文化重點發展區），並為族群制度保障之基礎。惟因人口遷徙，在族群行政區「外」，發展出許多「族群孤島」（原住民族孤島、客家孤島）。在客家文化重點發展區內的原住民族孤島，或原住民族地區內的客家孤島，各該族群孤島面對嚴峻的語言、文化、習俗傳承困境，以及族群孤島與所在族群行政區的更大社會之互動策略，為族群政策及族群研究的缺角。本文採質性研究路徑，運用涵化理論，以「制度安排（族群行政區）下的族群孤島與週邊族群（更大社會）互動」為問題意識，就「山地鄉內的客家孤島」（新竹縣尖石鄉嘉樂村）、「客家文化重點發展區內的原住民族孤島」（新竹市香山區那魯灣部落）等二種「族群行政區與族群孤島交錯」態樣，進行探討。

The‘ethnic homeland’of the Indigenous and Hakka people is designated as the‘ethnic districts’(Indigenous peoples’regions/ major Hakka cultural areas), which are the foundation of institutional protection for ethnic groups. As people immigrated, many‘ethnic enclaves’(Indigenous enclaves/ Hakka enclaves) were developed‘outside’the ethnic administrative districts. The ethnic enclaves, including Indigenous enclaves within major Hakka cultural areas and Hakka enclaves within Indigenous peoples’regions, face the challenge of the inheritance of language, culture, and customs. The interaction between the ethnic enclave and the larger society is the research gap. This paper employs qualitative research methods and the acculturation theory, as well as adopts the concept of the“interaction between ethnic islands under institutional arrangements (ethnic administrative districts) and surrounding ethnic groups (larger society).”This paper takes Jiale village and the Naruwan tribe as examples to explore the interaction strategies between ethnic enclaves and larger societies through these two types of interwoven ethnic administrative districts and ethnic enclaves.