返鄉之路超前部署：原住民族在地化就業保障與促進因子之研究

Advance Development of the Road Back to Home: A Study on the Factors of Guarantee and Promotion of Local Employment for Indigenous People

本研究從返鄉原住民之中高齡者就業方向為焦點，針對社會企業性質組織進行研究，探討中高齡返鄉者在原鄉就業可能遇到的相關議題，並從相關研究發現提出有關中高齡者就業安全保障的促進因子政策建議。研究結果發現目前原住民中高齡者之就業現況與需求為缺乏在地的就業機會，以及多數原住民中高齡者從事勞力密集的工作，就業類型缺乏多元性等。此外，發現多數原住民中高齡者對於就業的態度較為被動。目前推動在地產業發展的相關單位，皆表示他們看見原鄉市場的需求與可發展性，可以透過申請公部門計畫，尋求各項資源的挹注，來推動在地產業與經濟的發展。
本研究著重之促進原住民族中高齡者就業保障之因素，多數單位會考量進用人員的在地性或身分，以在地人及原住民族為優先，其次才是語言或相關領域之專業能力，更著重的是多數受訪者皆認為中高齡就業者應先裝備自己，並且規劃好自己的晚年生活及目標，再針對自己的需求或目標找到適合自己的工作。因此本研究提出以下建議，增加個人能力的培力機會、改變對於就業之被動態度、在地就業機會的創造、規劃與開創在地產業、與政策支持等，以期待原住民中高齡就業者能透過在地組織或公部門的協助，找到返鄉時適合及符合自身需求的就業機會。

Focusing on the employment directions of middle-aged and senior indigenous people returning to their hometowns, this study was conducted regarding organizations of a social enterprise nature. We explored the issues that middle-aged and senior indigenous people returning to their hometowns may encounter in finding employment. This study proposes policy recommendations on the promotion factors of employment protection for middle-aged and senior people based on the research findings. The findings indicate the following: (1) The current employment situation and needs of middle-aged and senior indigenous people include the lack of local employment opportunities; (2) The fact that most middle-aged and senior indigenous people were engaged in labor-intensive jobs; (3) A lack of diversity in employment. Moreover, we found that most middle-aged and senior indigenous people had a passive attitude toward employment. The organizations that were currently promoting the development of local industries indicated that they saw the demand and develop ability of the indigenous market. Organizations can apply for public sector programs and seek input on resources to promote the development of local industries and the economy.
This study focused on the factors that promoted the employment security of middle-aged and senior indigenous peoples. Most organizations consider the locality or status of employees, prioritizing whether they are local or indigenous, followed by their language or professional proficiency in related fields. Most interviewees believed that middle-aged and senior job seekers should equip themselves first and plan for their own old age and life goals before finding a suitable job according to their own needs or goals. Therefore, this study proposed recommendations that include increasing opportunities for personal capacity building, changing passive attitudes toward employment, creating local employment opportunities, planning and creating local industries, and policy support. These initiatives could be employed to help indigenous middle-aged and senior job seekers find suitable employment opportunities that meet their needs when they return to their hometowns through assistance from local organizations and the public sector.